Piliečių dalyvavimo teisėkūroje formos ir rezultatyvumas
Vincevičiūtė, Vaida |
Spruogis, Ernestas | Darbo gynimo komisijos narys / Thesis Defence Board Member |
Baublys, Linas | Darbo gynimo komisijos narys / Thesis Defence Board Member |
Vaišvila, Alfonsas | Darbo gynimo komisijos pirmininkas / Thesis Defence Board Chairman |
Kaluina, Andrius | Recenzentas / Rewiewer |
Nikitinas, Vladas | Darbo gynimo komisijos narys / Thesis Defence Board Member |
Arlauskas, Saulius | Darbo gynimo komisijos narys / Thesis Defence Board Member |
Šlapkauskas, Vytautas | Darbo gynimo komisijos narys / Thesis Defence Board Member |
Piliečių teisėkūros teisė yra vienas esminių principų, kuris turi būti užtikrintas demokratinėje valstybėje. Teisėkūros procese, kuris šiame darbe analizuojama siaurąją prasme suprantamas kaip formalizuota teisės aktų kūrimo procedūra, visuomenės nariai gali dalyvauti nustatytų formų pagrindu – pasinaudodami referendumo, peticijos bei įstatymų leidybos iniciatyvos teise. Įtaką valdžios priimamiems sprendimams piliečiai gali daryti ir per lobistinę veiklą, kuria siekiama atstovaujant atitinkamus interesus paveikti priimamus sprendimus naudinga linkme. Šių formų efektyvus įgyvendinimo užtikrinimas yra vienas svarbiausių demokratiškumo lygmens įvertinimo kriterijų valstybėje. Vertinant teisinio reguliavimo realų veiksmingumą, darbe atskleidžiamas faktinis piliečių teisėkūros teisės realizavimo atitikimas deklaruojamoms normoms ir pagrindinės problemos.
Citizens’ legislative law is one of the fundamental principles, which has to be ensured in the democratic state. In the legislation process, which is analyzed in a narrow sense herein, is seen as a formalized procedure of establishment of legal acts, where the members of the society have the right to participate on the grounds of the established forms – exercising the rights of the referendum, petition, as well as legislation initiative. Citizens can influence the resolutions, passed by the authorities, through the lobbying activities as well, by which it is endeavored, by representing the respective interests, to affect the resolutions passed to advantage. Efficient security of implementation of these forms is one of the key criteria of assessment of the level of democracy in the state. By assessing the practicable efficiency of the legal regulation, an actual conformity of implementation of the citizens’ legislative law to the standards declared as well as main problems are revealed in the project. In Lithuania the rights of the citizens to take part in the legislation are governed in the standard legal acts. Idea of the sovereignty of the nation, established in the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, declares that the actual and only source of the state authorities is the people. Established principles, expressed for the will of the representatives thereof, are established in the law, having the highest power of in the country, whereas the particular standards are established in special legal acts – Law on Citizens’ Legislative Initiative of the Republic of Lithuania, Law on Petition of the Republic of Lithuania, Law on Referendum of the Republic of Lithuania, Law on Lobbying Activities of the Republic of Lithuania, Statute Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania, etc. Not only the legal acts, governing the involvement of the citizens in the legislation, but also the research projects of various experts of law and public figures as well as the relevant publications are analyzed in the project. After Lithuania became the member of the European Union, the boundaries of the involvement of the citizens in the legislation have expanded. Citizens of the European Union are secured the right to participate in decision-making at the European level directly and through representatives. EU institutions express an open and positive position, inducing an active involvement of the society in the legislation procedures in order to ensure an efficient EU legal system, developed based on the principles of human rights, freedom, as well as democracy. With reference to the statistical data and analysis of literature as well as legal sources, the possibilities of the citizens to take part in the legislation procedures in individual EU institutions, the efficiency thereof, as well as main problems are assessed herein. By invoking the comparative analysis, the topic of the regulation of the lobbying activities is revealed in the project. Representation of the interests, assessed in a negative way, seeking to influence the resolutions, passed by the authorities, highlights the gaps of legal regulation in Lithuania as well as supposes the need to immediately undertake the implementation of the measures that would rectify the situation. Radically contrary assessment of the lobbying activities in the European Union institutions allows revealing the advantages of the lobby and presenting the examples of practice of the regulation of such activities to be followed.