Prekybos žmonėmis aukos: viktimologinė analizė

Trafficking in persons is an illegal act, which roughly infringes natural human rights. The crime not only violates personal freedom, but almost all human rights and liberties in a legal state. Therefore most of states pay a special attention to the prevention of the phenomenon. Most comprehensive definition, covering various forms of exploitation and coercion, is submitted in the Protocol of the United Nations to Prevent Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (resolution 55/25), supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, adopted on the 15th of November 2000. Under Article 3 of the Protocol, trafficking in persons means the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Trafficking in people and related to it other forms of organized crime such as illegal migration, smuggling, gunrunning and drug trafficking, has become one of die major threats to our country’s national security. The phenomenon of trafficking in people exists in the whole world, independent of the country development level, size of territory, population. Just level in one country is bigger, in other - lower. It should be noted that level of trafficking in people does not decrease, despite made effort of government institutions and agencies, non-governmental and international organizations. Lithuania in the sphere of trafficking in people remains import, export, and sometimes transit country. In Lithuania and all Europe trafficking in people is determined by social and economical conditions. Poverty, unemployment, lack of education and information are those conditions under which trafficking in people might occur and spread. Level of prostitution market, unequal legal regulation in different countries (legalization of prostitution and decriminalization of it), our countries citizens migration and business contacts in foreign countries also make influence for the process of trafficking in people. Trafficking in people is a latent crime, because not every victim applies for help. That is why we have no exact information about scale of trafficking in people. Information from various organizations, which provided help for: victims of trafficking, is fragmentary, resolve, incomparable. There is no exact data about such forms of trafficking in people as selling a person for debts, compulsory marriage or abortions, illegal organs' transplantation and their trade, men's prostitution. The analysis of started pretrial investigation for trafficking in people in Lithuania shows, that most of events were connected with women’s export or attempt to export to foreign countries for sexual abuse or placement as prostitution. Lithuania has become not only country of export, but also country of transit between East and Middle Europe countries. There are increasing number of solved cases of trafficking in juveniles in Lithuania, also are increasing number solved cases of trafficking in juveniles from Lithuania in foreign countries. There is not notifies any other forms of trafficking of juveniles in Lithuania as trafficking in children for forced labour, organs trade, trafficking for other families. In the year of 2005 Parliament of Lithuania adopted 2005-2008 Program for control and prevention of trafficking in human beings. That is consequent prolongation of die 2002- 2004 Program for control and prevention of trafficking in human beings and prostitution. The purpose of Program is to prepare and realize purposeful, long-term and integrated system of measures to control and to prevent the trafficking in people and prostitution in the Republic of Lithuania. The Program is prepared considering the results assessment of implementation of the 2002- 2004 Program for control and prevention of trafficking in human beings and prostitution, which justified need of the measures succession, also the difficulties or limitations, arisen out when realizing some of the measures, and from this rising necessity to make appropriate corrections on purpose of more positive and effective influence in concrete spheres of control and prevention of trafficking in human beings and prostitution. Trafficking in humans is a complex problem, so well planned, complex means are necessary, together with close cooperation between NGOs, governmental institutions and media. Only in this way tangible results can be reached.