Pacientų skundai ir jų teisinis reglamentavimas Lietuvoje
Samuolytė, Indrė |
Malkevičius, Ričardas | |
Pacientų skundai itin greitai plintantis reiškinys Lietuvoje. Kasmet įvairios valstybinės institucijos jų fiksuoja vis daugiau. Paciento teisė skųstis Lietuvos Respublikos įteisinta įsigaliojus Pacientų teisių ir žalos sveikatai atlyginimo įstatymui (1998 m.). Be šio įstatymo pacientų teisę skųstis reglamentuoja ir kiti LR teisės aktai bei tarptautiniai dokumentai: konvencijos, chartijos, deklaracijos. Šio darbo objektas – pacientų skundai Panevėžio miesto konsultacijų poliklinikoje, dalykas – skundų priežastys minėtoje asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigoje. Darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti pacientų skundų priežastis Lietuvoje, Panevėžio miesto pavyzdžiu. Šiame darbe keliami uždaviniai: atlikti teisės aktų, reglamentuojančių pacientų teises, turinio analizę, nustatyti pagrindines spragas ir pateikti rekomendacijas; išanalizuoti institucijų, nagrinėjančių pacientų skundus, sistemą ir pateikti pagrindinius sistemos trūkumus; atskleisti pagrindines skundų priežastis ir pateikti rekomendacijas kaip galima būtų jų išvengti. Naudojami tyrimo metodai: lyginamasis, anketinės apklausos metodas, loginis metodas bei statistinės analizės metodas.
In 1996 Lithuania was one of the first countries in the Eastern and Central Europe to adopt the Law on the Rights of Patients and Compensation of the Damage to their Health. The new edition of this Law came into effect on 1 January 2005 and it defined the rights of patients and the procedure of indemnification (both property and non-pecuniary damage) in case of the infringement of rights at the institutions rendering medical services. Patients’ rights and indemnification proceedings present an issue that is increasingly analysed both among the jurists and citizens themselves. Nevertheless, an insufficient focus has been drawn on this topic in scientific research, even though this is highly relevant with the view of the improvement of work organisation at health care institutions and seeking to prevent infringement of the patients’ rights. During the first weeks in September 2006 the research conducted aimed at the analysis of the underlying reasons of the complaints at Panevėžys City Consultation Clinic lodged by the persons using outpatient services and, pursuant to the information collected, it was necessary to submit recommendations to the mentioned medical institution regarding the prevention of the potential infringement of the patients’ rights. In pursuance of this, anonymous survey questionnaire for the target group of the patients was completed. The randomly interviewed persons amounted eighty-two patients using the services of the mentioned clinics. Moreover, the research was based on the following theoretical and empiric methods: comparative and linguistic methods, logical and statistic analysis. The thesis is composed of three major parts. The first and the second sections constitute the theoretical parts. The initial section provides an overview of the conception of patients’ rights, its development and regulation at the national and international levels. The second part of the research gives a deeper analysis of the possibilities ensured for the protection of the patients’ rights under the pre-trial and legal procedure, as well as deals with the focal responsibilities, duties and rights of the institutions that carry out investigation of complaints lodged by the patients. Furthermore, the final third section of the present research discloses the most essential problems arising in pursuance of the use of the services rendered by the health care institutions, as defined under the Law, and, after all, singles out the main conclusions. It has been determined that the majority of patients express their complaints on the following issues: availability of services guaranteed at health care institutions (72 %), disrespectful behaviour of personnel (70.8 %), quality of services (58.5 %), lack of consideration, care and carefulness given by physicians providing treatment (30.5 %).