J.G. Fichtės etikos pradmenys

Abstract

The article deals with a constructive aspect of J. G. Fichte’s ethical doctrine, which suggest that any ethical theory depends on general philosophical problems as well as on their solutions. It has been yet shown by I. Kant in this critical philosophy how it is important for moral philosophy to solve the antinomy between theory and practice and the antinomy of man as a part of nature and part of self-consciousness. In the article an attempt is made to show how Fichte, on the basis of the idea of single first principle, solved this problem and how this solution helped him to ground his ethical doctrine. The fundamental principle of ethics was defined by Fichte as the supreme reality existing in the form of self-standing and self-iniciative sence the absolute selfconsciousness as an individual, but also charged him with the absolute responsibility for the reality of these things. In the objective sense, according to Fichte, real things remain real only for one reason – because human “I” fills them with time-historical content and meaning. So, a human body exsists not simply as a physical object, but as a consiousness of requirements of human bodily being and as a strong will to satisfy these requirements. However, very difficult for Fichte remained the problem of the reconsiliation of the actions of absolutely independent rational actors. Having failed to solve this problem, he emphasised the significance of relationship, of culture or cultural traditions and ideas of the age of enlightenment when solving it.