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Legislation of direct-to-consumer genetic testing in Europe: a fragmented regulatory landscape
Kalokairinou, Louiza | Catholic University Leuven | |
Howard, Heidi Carmen | Uppsala university | |
Slokenberga, Santa | Uppsala university | |
Fisher, E. | Robert Koch Institute | |
Flatscher-Thöni, Magdalena | UMIT Univ Hlth Sci Med Informat & Technol | |
Hartlev, Mette | University of Copenhagen | |
Van Hellemondt, Rachèl E. | Leiden University Medical Centre | |
Kapelenska-Pregowska, J. | Nicolaus Copernicus university | |
Kováč, P. | Forens Sk Inst Forenznych Med Skych Expertiz Sro | Trnava University |
Lovrečić, Luca | University Medical Centre Ljubljana | |
Nys, Herman F.L. | Catholic University Leuven | |
De Paor, Aisling | Dublin City University | |
Phillips, Andelka M. | University of Dublin | |
Prudil, L. | AK PRUDIL Spol | |
Rial-Sebbag, Emmanuelle | Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale | |
Romeo-Casabona, Carlos María | The University of the Basque Country | |
Sándor, Judit | Central European University | |
Schuster, A. | University of Trento | |
Soini, Sirpa | Helsinki University Central Hospital | |
Søvig, Karl Harald | University of Bergen | |
Stoffel, D. | University Paris-Est Créteil | |
Titma, Tiina | Tallinn University | Tallinn University of Technology |
Trokanas, T. | European University of Cyprus | |
Borry, Pascal | University of Leuven |
Date Issued |
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2018 |
Despite the increasing availability of direct-to-c onsumer (DTC)genetic testing, it is currently unclear how such services are regulated in Europe, due to the lack of EU or national legislation specifically addressing this issue. In this article, we provide an overview of laws that could potentially impact the regulation of DTC genetic testing in 26 European countries, namely Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Emphasis is placed on provisions relating to medical supervision, genetic counselling and informed consent. Our results indicate that currently there is a wide spectrum of laws regarding genetic testing in Europe. There are countries (e.g. France and Germany) which essentially ban DTC genetic testing, while in others (e.g. Luxembourg and Poland) DTC genetic testing may only be restricted by general laws, usually regarding health care services and patients' rights.
European Cooperation in Science and Technology |