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Epoch of Soviet totalitarianism and Georgian comedy with a political emphasis (Qvarqvare Tutaberi by Polikarpe Kakabadze)
Ratiani, Irma |
Oboladze, Tatia |
Metereveli, Lili |
Date Issued |
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2017 |
In 1929, just eight years after the establishment of the Soviet regime in Georgia, a writer and a playwright Polikarpe Kakabadze publishes his famous play Qvarqvare Tutaberi, thus throwing into disarray the leaders of the fledgling Soviet government. The play narrates the ârevolutionaryâ adventure story of Qvarqvare Tutaberi, an idle, cowardly, uneducated and cunning man, over a short period, in the early months of the establishment of the Soviet regime. Occasionally Qvarqvare is a supporter of the Russian Emperor, occasionally a representative of the so-called âinterim governmentâ, occasionally â a supporter of the Bolsheviks. His position is always determined by one main principle: Who is in power? If the Emperor holds power, Qvarqvare is his supporter, if the âinterim governmentâ rules, Qvarqvare are the commander of its army, and if the Bolsheviks win, Qvarqvare is their âcomradeâ. A young Soviet censorship was very confused by the humorous character of the play: the scenes are full of comic situations, and dialogues, with absurd, unbelievable âlogicâ, the characters are caricatured and often exaggerated. On the one hand, the play mocked a foolish and flattering person (and people like him), politically immature and mentally unprepared for the ânew timesâ, which was quite acceptable for Soviet criticism; on the other hand, the satirical-grotesque mocking of the existing environment was not picked up on, by Soviet censorship due to the humoristic attitude of the text. Thus, humor, for the first time performed the artistic function of a mechanism protecting from ideology.
1929 m., praÄjus aÅ¡tuoneriems metams po sovietinio reÅŸimo įsigalÄjimo Gruzijoje, raÅ¡ytojas ir dramaturgas Polikarpe Kakabadze iÅ¡leido savo garsiÄ jÄ pjesÄ âQvarqvare Tutaberiâ ir taip sugniuÅŸdÄ kÄ tik atsiradusius ir dar neįsitvirtinusius tarybinÄs valdÅŸios lyderius. PjesÄje pasakojama apie ârevoliuciniusâ tingaus, bailaus, neiÅ¡silavinusio ir klastingo jaunuolio, Qvarqvare Tutaberi, nuotykius. Qvarqvare pasitaikius progai remia Rusijos imperatorių, kartais prisideda prie vadinamosios âlaikinosios vyriausybÄsâ, kartais tampa bolÅ¡evikų rÄmÄju. Jo pozicijÄ visada lemia vienas pagrindinis principas: kas yra valdÅŸioje? Jei valdo imperatorius, Qvarqvare palaiko jį; jei âlaikinoji vyriausybÄâ Qvarqvare tampa jos vedamos kariuomenÄs vadas, o jei laimi bolÅ¡evikai, Qvarqvare â jų âdraugasâ. Jaunoji sovietų cenzÅ«ra buvo labai sumiÅ¡usi dÄl pajuokianÄio ÅŸaidiminio pjesÄs pobÅ«dÅŸio: scenos pilnos komiÅ¡kų situacijų ir dialogų, absurdo, neįtikÄtinos âlogikosâ, simboliai karikatÅ«riÅ¡ki ir daÅŸnai perdÄti. Viena vertus, spektaklis iÅ¡juokÄ kvailÄ ir įsiteikiantį asmenį, politiÅ¡kai nesubrendusį ir protiÅ¡kai nepasiruoÅ¡usį ânaujiems laikamsâ, kas buvo gana priimtina sovietinei kritikai; kita vertus, sovietinÄs cenzÅ«ra neįveikÄ teksto satyros ir grotesko. Taigi, humoras pirmÄ kartÄ atliko apsauganÄiÄ menÄ nuo ideologijos funkcijÄ .