Preliminarioji sutartis ir jos ypatumai

Ikisutartinių santykių metu susitarimus šalys fiksuoja įvairiose sutartyse. Preliminarioji sutartis yra viena iš jų. Tačiau ikisutartiniai santykiai, ir preliminarioji sutartis, turi savo specifiką. Šiai sutarčiai sudaryti keliamas toks pat reikalavimas kaip ir sudarant kitas sutartis – būtina suderinta šalių valia. Preliminariosios sutarties forma turi būti rašytinė, tačiau šio reikalavimo nesilaikymo pasekmės kitokios nei paprastai būna žodžiu sudarius sutartį, o jai įstatyme numatyta rašytinė forma. Įdomu ir tai, kad, jei šalys nenustato termino pagrindinei sutarčiai sudaryti, tai numato įstatymas. Nors rankipinigiai pagal preliminariąją sutartį negalimi, Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas išaiškino kitokių mokėjimų pagal preliminariąją sutartį galimybes. Kaip ir kitų sutarčių pažeidimo atveju, ir preliminariosios sutarties šalis, dėl kontrahento kaltės patyrusi nuostolių, turi teisę reikalauti juos atlyginti. Tai, kas gali būti laikoma nuostoliais pagal preliminariąją sutartį, taip pat turi tam tikrų ypatumų.

The participants of civil turnover can draw up various contracts during the stage of pre-contractual relationship. Preliminary contract is one of them. The concept of it is presented in Civil Code of Lithuanian Republic. It can be described as contract, in which parties agree to draw up another – main contract. All essential conditions of main contract have to be discussed in preliminary contract to consider that the agreement has been reached. Moreover, the most important criterion during the analysis of preliminary contract is the will of parties, which has to adjust. Freedom of contracts and the pricipal of honesty are essential in preliminary contract. What is more, it is vital, that theese principals would be in balance. The preliminary contract has to be written. The contract is invalid, if it is verbal. According to the Civil Code, there has to be a term in preliminary cimtract, during which, the main contract has to be drawn up. However, if that kind of term is not mentioned, parties have one year to draw up the contract. There can not be any earnest money in preliminary contract, but, according to the newest interpretation, which has been presented by the Highest Courtof Lithuanian Republic, parties can agree about payment on account or forfeit. If a dishonest party does not execute the contract, the other party has right to demand to compensate the loss.