Bendraskolio pareigos atlyginti žalą apimtis taikant deliktinę atsakomybę
Mykolo Romerio universitetas |
| Date |
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2010 |
Vienas pagrindinių klausimų skolininkų daugeto deliktinės atsakomybės atveju – nustatyti kiekvieno bendraskolio pareigos atlyginti padarytą žalą apimtį. Solidarioji atsakomybė labiau atitinka nukentėjusiojo interesus nei dalinė atsakomybė, tačiau yra daug didesnė našta pažeidėjams. Siekiant tinkamai subalansuoti nukentėjusiojo ir pažeidėjo interesus, turi būti rastos taisyklės, kurios padėtų nustatyti, kuri atsakomybės rūšis – solidarioji ar dalinė – konkrečiu atveju turi būti taikoma. Straipsnyje, pagal pasirinktus kriterijus į grupes skirstant skolininkų daugeto situacijas deliktinės atsakomybės atvejais, siekiama argumentuotai pagrįsti atsakomybės apimtį lemiančios taisyklės taikymą kiekvienoje iš šių grupių.
Is it right to apply the rule of proportional liability in regard to the aggrieved party when the damage was caused as a result of unlawful actions by all individual debtors who had no agreement concerning either these unlawfully actions or the infliction of damage, or in certain cases did not even know about the illegal actions of the others? What answer could be given in case when all defendants acted in a risky way and each one of them could have caused the damage, but it is clear that only one of them (or some) in fact did cause it, but due to the lack of evidence it remains unclear whose actions were in fact damaging? It is not easy to provide answers to these and other questions that occur in cases of multiple debtors when trying to define the scope of their liability. However, the cases of multiple debtors can be classified by reasonably justifying the application of a particular rule for deciding the scope of liability to compensate the damage in regard to each of these groups. By referring to the doctrine and practice of other countries as well as the analysis of the positive law and court practice in Lithuania, this article aims to provide advice on the legal instruments to be used in order to justify the application of proportional or solidary liability in cases of multiple debtors. Systemic, teleological and comparative legal methods have been used in the article.