Įvykio vietos apžiūra Lietuvoje: problematika ir efektyvaus veiklos modelio diegimo paieškos
| Date |
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2017 |
Įvykio vietos apžiūra – pirminis ir vienas svarbiau sių ikiteisminio tyrimo veiksmų, kurio metu ne tik užfiksuojami turintys reikšmę duo menys ir pėdsakai. Tai veiksmas, lemiantis ir toles nę tiriamo įvykio eigą, neretai ir galutinę bylos sėkm ę. Mokslinių ir praktinių tyrimų šiuo klausimu nestokojama, tačiau ikiteisminio tyrimo kokybės užt ikrinimas, siekimas pamatuoti ikiteisminio tyrimo efektyvumą ir naujų veiklos formatų diegimas prakti koje dabartiniu metu sudaro svarias prielaidas analizuoti įvykio vietos apžiūros klausimus naujai – ieškant efektyvaus modelio diegimo varianto. Straipsnį sudaro trys tarpusavyje susijusios dalys. Pirmojoje dalyje analizuojama įvykio vietos apžiūros problema teisinio reguliavimo kontekste, į vertinama įvykio vietos apžiūros bei tyrimo takoskyra ir pateikiami siūlymai dėl kai kurių teis inio reguliavimo pokyčių. Antrojoje dalyje pristato ma taktinių rekomendacijų dėl įvykio vietos apžiūros į gyvendinimo situacija ir problematika, taip pat pabrėžiamas tikslingas kriminalistinių taktinių rek omendacijų laikymasis. Trečiojoje dalyje analizuojamas esamas darbo organizavimo formatas ir charakterizuojamas galimas efektyvus veiklos modelis įvertinant proceso stiprybes, silpnybes, gr ėsmes ir galimybes (toliau – SSGG), be to įvertinamos subjektų, dirbančių įvykio vietoje, įgaliojimų ir k ompetencijų raiškos, pasiūlomos jų veiklos tobulini mo perspektyvos.
Crime scene inspection is a primary and one of the most important pretrial investigation procedures which not only records significant clues and data, but also determinates further sequence o f events and final success of a case. Although there is no lack of academic and practical research on th is issue, pretrial investigation quality assurance, p retrial investigation efficiency assessment and introduction of new operation formats in practice c urrently compose solid assumptions to analyze crime scene inspection newly by searching for efficient m odel of conducting pretrial investigation. This article analyzes a problem of crime scene insp ection in the context of legal regulation, typology differences and provides proposals of cert ain legal regulation changes. Differences of crimin al law traditions, provides various crime scene inspec tion concepts. Manifold variety of this procedure d o not create any confusion for essential content perc eption of crime scene inspection emphasizing differ ent crime scene inspection peculiarities, mentioned con cepts of crime scene inspection mainly are not controversial. The code of criminal procedure of th e Republic of Lithuania regulates crime scene inspection and crime scene investigation. The diffe rences of these actions’ legal regulation do not ma ke significant impact for a practical activity, theref ore in context of law application there is a lack o f clear and targeted watershed of these actions. It determi nes a reasonable sight in which these actions in th e legal regulation are divided artificially. Crime sc ene investigation is a combined and detailed part o f a crime scene inspection. There is no demand to divid e crime scene investigation as an independent pre law inspection action. Therefore questions of the i mprovement of the code of criminal procedure of the Republic of Lithuania article 205 part 1 could be r aised in terms of eliminating crime scene investiga tion as a separate institute of a criminal process. This article also introduces tactical recommendations f or crime scene inspection, situation and issues, highl ights purposeful criminal tactical recommendations compliance. In order to comprehensively evaluate op portunities of new operational work model application in the context of crime scene inspectio n, the existing work management structural format and characterize possible efficient operational wor k model through the SWOT analyzes, and evaluate subjects’ power and competence in place of crime sc ene, also improvement opportunities are being offered. Research results has shown that there are flaws during the crime scene inspection – securing the crime scene, preparing and conducting the searc h, gathering clue or objects in the crime scene. Therefore there is a question how to apply complex tactical, technical, organizational and educational measures – apply new complex measures responding to criminal activities and conducting primary pre trial investigation actions by evaluating every inv estigation phase nature and features; purposive tra ining organization and management element (communication and planning) implication in this field. By applying a new operational work model, it is advisa ble to periodically conduct a detailed activity for mat application evaluation. Also, SWOT analysis of this process allowed identify strengths and opportunitie s of a new activity model and also weaknesses and thr eats in order to reduce risk and avoid mistakes.