Tarptautinės emigracijos veiksniai Šiaurės ir Rytų Europos Sąjungos šalyse

Abstract

A number of authors have researched the drivers of international emigration, i.e. such factors as economic, political, social, cultural, environmental, etc. These factors bring cons and pros consequences for both – the country of origin and the target country. Assuming, there are differences and similarities between the migration drivers influencing emigration between different regions and countries. Thus, the main goal of this research is to examine the drivers of international emigration in the Nordic and Eastern European Union countries. A systematic literature analysis of such migration theories as Neoclassical, New Economics, Migration networks, Dual labour market, World system revealed the main international emigration drivers, covering the labour market, a significant difference between net earnings, unemployment rate, employment rate, foreign direct investments, inflation rate, disposal income rate, income inequality, level of development of the country, social benefits and living conditions. All these drivers can cause some cons and pros consequences for the country of origin. The main pros are: payments transfers from foreign, better trade conditions with foreign countries, reduced unemployment rate, people can re-emigrate with more knowledge and experience. Despite all these pros, there are problematic cons which should be eliminated: increase of capital export, “brain drain”, “hand drain”, lack of experienced specialists, reduction of production volume, ageing society, the bad demographic situation in the country, a decrease of social security payments.