Emerging Sources Citation Index (Web of Science)

This article examines objections to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in decisions affecting humans and argues that most objections rest on anthropocentric assumptions rather than evidence about decision quality. Critics often presume that human decision makers are uniquely capable of moral and contextual judgment, while AI systems are inferior, opaque or hostile. The article challenges this view arguing that modern AI systems are an expression of collective human intelligence and ethics, built on the image of human cognition, trained on curated human decisions and operating on best decision making frameworks. Drawing on empirical studies the article shows that modern AI systems offer unique advantages in decision-making, thus may already in some domains be as good at making good decisions as an average individual human. The article deconstructs main criticisms of AI decision-making and introduces the novel argument of inseparability between human and AI decisions. Human and AI contributions are increasingly intertwined, AI involvement is latent and appropriated by humans, making existing accountability frameworks based on a clear human–AI boundary obsolete. The article advocates for the development of agnostic decision-making frameworks that apply universal accountability to both human and non-human agents and provide a path to better decisions.

Resilience stress testing has emerged as an established method for evaluating how critical infrastructure performs under disruption. Methods that have matured around it parameterize physical components in detail while representing operators as constants, abstractions, or sources of error. Human performance variability deserves analytical treatment comparable to that given to physical assets. We define human factors here as the cognitive, behavioral, and organizational characteristics of operators, supervisors, and decision-makers that shape system response. The paper reviews prior efforts to integrate human factors with infrastructure resilience analysis, identifies where those efforts fall short at the operational layer, and sets out five research priorities: measurement that is feasible at operational scale; data practices that turn existing records into modeling-ready inputs; hybrid modeling that combines agent-based, system dynamics, and network methods; cross-scale and cross-domain integration that does not overstate transferability; and governance that protects both data quality and the people who generate it. Human performance can be quantified in forms that operators will adopt, provided the tools fit operational reality.

Scope 3 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and cyber-physical resilience are typically governed through separate institutional and operational frameworks, despite their growing interdependence in digitally mediated supply chains. This separation creates an execution gap that fragments decarbonization, resilience, and investment decisions across data architectures and organizational functions. Grounded in resilience theory and a transdisciplinary systems perspective, this study advances the testable hypothesis that institutional separation of Scope 3 emissions management and cyber-physical resilience is associated with lower system performance, whereas integration through digital governance mechanisms improves operational resilience, emissions measurement accuracy, and financial decision coherence. System performance is operationalized through three dimensions: (1) supply-chain observability and data integration; (2) resilience capacity across the prepare–absorb–recover–adapt cycle; and (3) coherence of investment decision-making under dual materiality. The study applies a structured integrative review with analytical triangulation across sectoral datasets, cyber-risk distributions, and governance frameworks, complemented by an illustrative application in emergency medical services (EMS) in Lithuania. Findings indicate that Scope 3 burdens and cyber-physical risks co-locate in supplier-intensive and digitally dependent sectors, revealing systemic vulnerability; and that effective integration requires a joint governance architecture linking digital observability, standards, financial evaluation, and human-centered decision-making. The article contributes an integrative framework that reframes decarbonization and cyber-physical resilience as a unified systems problem and provides an operational basis for coordinated governance across sustainable supply chains.

This study addresses the growing need for structured, measurable organizational development (OD) models amid digital transformation, geopolitical uncertainty, and increasing managerial complexity. Contemporary middle- and top-level managers are expected to ensure productivity, strategic clarity, resilience, and data-driven decision-making; however, existing leadership methodologies are often examined separately and lack integrated evaluation frameworks. The research analyses two prominent approaches: the American Action Science methodology and the Scandinavian (particularly Finnish) consensus-based leadership concept. While Action Science emphasizes explicit reasoning, double-loop learning, accountability, and measurable performance outcomes, the Finnish consensus model prioritizes trust, participation, and relational cohesion. The aim of the study is to develop and empirically test the original digital model LeadWinO (LEADership for WINning Organizations) for evaluating the organizational development activities of middle- and top-level managers. The model was empirically tested on managers in Lithuania. The novelty of the research lies in combining management and informatics perspectives by embedding organizational development evaluation into a digital, indicator-based, and potentially predictive framework. The type of study is quantitative research integrating questionnaire analysis in the case of multi-profile sections. Analytical tool used for data simulation is Feedforward Neural Network for constructing sufficient gapless sets of digitalized data. Research results showed that the American Action Science methodology is most effectively used by managers working in very small and small enterprises in the service and maintenance sectors. The findings are expected to contribute to the operationalization of leadership effectiveness under uncertainty and provide organizations with an auditable structure linking managerial behaviour, decision-making processes, and organizational performance outcomes.

Background Childhood maltreatment is associated with dissociative experiences later in life, but it remains unclear which characteristics of maltreatment are most relevant for such experiences. This study examined cumulative maltreatment exposure, maltreatment types, and developmental timing experienced during childhood years. Method A representative sample (N = 2000, 47.65% women, M age = 23.89, SD = 3.59) of Lithuanian young adults (ages 18–29) completed measures of childhood maltreatment (MACE) and dissociative experiences (DES-II), a dimensional measure capturing a broad spectrum of dissociative phenomena. Results Hierarchical linear regressions with bootstrapped confidence intervals were conducted controlling for sociodemographic variables. Greater cumulative maltreatment experienced during childhood was associated with higher frequency of dissociative experiences in young adults. Physical abuse and non-verbal emotional abuse were significant predictors when examined simultaneously. Participants who experienced single and multiple types of maltreatment differed from those who did not have such experiences, however, no differences between the 2 groups were found. Developmental timing (age of onset, age of exposure, cumulative age of exposure periods) variables were not significant. Family disharmony was indirectly associated with dissociation through cumulative maltreatment. Conclusions Cumulative and threat-related maltreatment were modestly associated with frequency of dissociative experiences, whereas developmental timing and the number of maltreatment types showed more limited associations.

This article investigates the phenomenon of numismatic forgery legitimisation and its impact on the fields of numismatics, archaeology, history and law. Forgery legitimisation is a broad phenomenon that encompasses both physical forgery and the presentation of fake artifacts as genuine in research literature, auction catalogues, and other contexts. Using the qualitative case-study methodology, the authors propose an analytical framework for suspected forgery legitimisation that incorporates a novel classification of forms and types of forgery, as well as socio-legal mens rea elements. The framework also accounts for factors contributing to the legitimisation of forgeries, including lack of competence, low competition in coin catalogue publication, tradition, closed numismatic communities, and insufficient academic and legal attention. Using this framework, the authors examine two cases of legitimisation of fake coins in medieval Polish–Lithuanian numismatics. The analysis shows how repetition across sources can legitimise fake artifacts, complicating later correction and corrupting heritage research, history and museum science, as well as market integrity. The proposed analytical framework can be useful for investigating other dubious artifacts and for developing analysis methods for forgery legitimisation cases.

There is a lack of research analyzing how teachers themselves define violence and what patterns of behavior they personally consider to be violent. It is precisely this subjective perception of violence that may explain why some situations remain invisible at the institutional level: they are not named and reported, or they are normalized as part of a teacher’s job, even though, in the long run, they can negatively affect a teacher’s professional identity and well-being. A phenomenographic perspective was applied in this research. It has been found that teachers understand violence in the workplace as pressure to obey, aggressive behavior, insults, public humiliation, and non-transparent decisions, which are characterized by verbal, physical, written, and visual expressions. The scope of the research results shows that the teachers’ perception of violence is not limited to incidents but is revealed as a process of constructing meaning that combines the form of violence, structural features, and orientation toward the teacher as a professional or as a person. The study broadens not only the concept of violence in the school environment but also the field of analysis of the teacher as an object of violence, and it reveals that the teachers’ understanding of violence is more related to administrative power practices.

Introduction: Teacher victimization is an important occupational stressor that can undermine educators' psychological functioning and professional sustainability. Guided by stress–coping theory, this study examined the relationships among multiple forms of victimization, coping strategies, and psychological well-being.Methods: A nationwide sample of Lithuanian teachers (N = 1,044) completed validated measures assessing exposure to victimization, coping responses, and psychological well-being, including indicators of flourishing and emotional experiences. Structural equation modeling was used to examine direct and indirect relationships among variables.Results: Victimization was associated with poorer psychological well-being, particularly reduced flourishing and increased negative emotional experiences. Adaptive coping strategies–such as active coping, positive reframing, and religious coping–were related to higher well-being, whereas maladaptive strategies, including self-blame, behavioral disengagement, and substance use, were associated with poorer outcomes. Structural equation modeling indicated a small but significant indirect effect (β ≈ .02), suggesting that coping partially mediated the relationship between victimization and well-being. A substantial direct association between victimization and well-being remained (β ≈ −.25, p < .001).Discussion: These findings suggest that strengthening teachers' coping skills may help mitigate the emotional consequences of victimization; however, individual coping alone is insufficient. Supporting teacher well-being requires not only individual-level interventions but also organizational and policy-level efforts aimed at preventing workplace victimization in educational settings.

European Union (EU) copyright law treats the concepts of ‘work’ and ‘originality’ as autonomous notions of EU law, intended to secure a uniform ‘fair balance’ across the Single Market. Lithuania is a revealing stress-test of that autonomy. Although the Lithuanian Copyright Law can be read in the EU law conforming way, the Supreme Court of Lithuania (Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas, LAT) has sustained a self-referential doctrine on protectable subject matter—an ‘originality presumption’, ‘objective originality’ as a lower threshold, category-based ‘degrees of originality’ and a methodological insistence on assessing originality by reference to the work ‘as a whole’. These devices unduly expand protection for functional and normatively constrained documents, public education materials, etc. This article analyses the Lithuanian trajectory through the key LAT decisions, identifies the points of incompatibility with EU-autonomous concepts and explains their institutional persistence. Such divergences produce systematic over-protection, privatization of information and regulatory compliance content, distortion of competition, chilling effects on expression and business autonomy and fragmentation of the internal market. They support the case for further EU-level clarification of protectability and more effective remedies when courts of last instance deviate from EU law.

Background. Though technology-facilitated partner stalking is a prevalent form of abuse, prosecutorial research in this field is underdeveloped. Online and offline violence reinforce each other, but this interaction could be leveraged as technology-enabled resistance and evidence. Method. This study employs a doctrinal legal research design, combined with qualitative content analysis, focused on Lithuania’s national-level case law. Fifty-seven court and pre-trial decisions were compiled into a dataset for the study. The main objective of this paper is to identify typical tech stalking behaviors and the criminal law’s response to them. Results and Conclusions. The national case law analysis supports previous empirical findings regarding motivation, typical tactics, and effects of technology-facilitated partner stalking. Deficiencies of national anti-stalking legislation reinforce the difficulties of prosecuting tech abuse. Charging decisions are not consistent and get even more complicated in cases of polyvictimization and non-physical violence. The success of criminal proceedings largely depends on the active involvement of victims, thereby potentially leading to repeat, extended, and secondary victimization. The practice of lenient sanctioning and technical challenges adds constraints on effective prosecution. However, even within the existing national legal framework, there is potential to improve the criminal law’s response by developing digital literacy of the population, building specialized professional capacities (both legal and technical) within law agencies, and expanding the responsibilities of tech developers.