SCOPUS

The EU Artificial Intelligence Act, implemented in 2024, was the first comprehensive regulation at the European Union level to concern the governance of artificial intelligence. However, despite its progressive approach, the aforementioned Act does not provide adequate protection against risks related to the use of generative AI systems for spreading disinformation, manipulating public opinion, and undermining democratic processes. This article analyzes the key gaps in the regulation, such as the absence of requirements for labeling AI-generated content, the lack of mechanisms for data verification, and insufficient legal accountability for human rights violations resulting from AI use. The author suggests the consideration of these issues in the context of other EU regulations, such as the Digital Services Act, and offers specific recommendations to improve regulation in these areas. The article includes a comparative analysis of different approaches to AI regulation in EU countries, including Spain, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, and Germany, and provides recommendations for enhancing legal mechanisms to effectively counter disinformation and protect human rights.

The failed renewal of the Constitutional Court in Lithuania was not the first in Europe, and will not be the last. The appointment of constitutional judges, usually undertaken with the involvement of the political institutions, became a very sensitive issue closely linked to their independence. After a sequence of unsuccessful attempts to renew the composition of constitutional courts, some states fall into a deep democratic backsliding, while some take the initiative to reform the existing appointment procedure, seeking to prevent the politicisation of constitutional control institutions. A universal and standardised one-size-fits-all model does not exist, as each particular national context must be considered. However, certain lessons are to be learned and certain pitfalls to be avoided. Constitutional courts must correspond to the criteria of the tribunal established by law, as disclosed in international jurisprudence. For this purpose, the proper law is needed. This article analyses the advantages and shortcomings of some elements of the proposed and partly realised Slovak reform on the appointment of constitutional judges that Lithuania and other states could benefit from. This allows for the conclusion that the explicit criterion of professional reputation might prevent arbitrary nominations and ensure that the best judge for the court and the society would be appointed. Contrary to most convictions, a larger majority in the Parliament is not necessary to keep this procedure in line with the principle of the rule of law. The only requirement is that the law must be clear, unambiguous and provide for the steps to be taken if the rotation fails.

This article addresses the question of evaluating generative AI prompts designed for specific tasks such as linguistic linked open data modelling and refining of word embedding results. The prompts were created to assist the pre-modelling phase in the construction of LLODIA, a linguistic linked open data model for diachronic analysis. We present a self-evaluation framework based on the method known in literature as LLM-Eval. The discussion includes prompts related to the RDF-XML conception of the model, and neighbour list refinement, dictionary alignment and contextualisation for the term revolution in French, Hebrew and Lithuanian, as a proof of concept.

Manufacturing companies around the world, large and small, in developed and developing regions, tend to suffer from the inefficiencies of a cost-simulated, early pricing process for new products. Often, however, solutions to the complex challenges of the manufacturing industry lie at the intersection of social science and technology, where intelligent manufacturing plays a crucial role. Providing a deep review of innovative scientific technologies and knowledge, this edited collection delves into cost-cutting technologies in manufacturing planning processes that combine with social technologies to stimulate the development of organisational innovations. Chapters explore the solutions that artificial intelligence, data science, and knowledge management systems provide in order to resolve the problems posed by early cost estimation. Drawing on detailed examples from the furniture manufacturing businesses, they offer a new way of industrial thinking with transformative implications for the greater manufacturing industry.

This article proposes a linguistic linked open data model for diachronic analysis (LLODIA) that combines data derived from diachronic analysis of multilingual corpora with dictionary-based evidence. A humanities use case was devised as a proof of concept that includes examples in five languages (French, Hebrew, Latin, Lithuanian, and Romanian) related to various meanings of the term revolution considered at different time intervals. The examples were compiled through diachronic word embedding and dictionary alignment.

In the modern world, digital technologies play a key role in all spheres of life, including education. This article examines the impact of digitalization on the human right to education in different countries around the world. This study offers a comparative analysis of legislation and practice on the use of digital technologies in education in order to identify common trends and differences in different jurisdictions. It examines the role of digitalization in ensuring access to education for all groups of people, and identifies factors that influence the successful integration of digital technologies into educational processes. The paper also analyzes the challenges and obstacles that may arise in the process of digitalization of education and offers recommendations on how to optimally use digital tools to ensure quality and access to education. The conclusions and recommendations of this article may be useful for legislators, policy makers, educational experts, and practitioners interested in improving education systems through the use of digital technologies.

An excellent quality of public services is a way to improve the public satisfaction index. The public will be satisfied if the performance of public services tends to be higher than community expectations. Multi-ethnic Indonesia has different perceptions about the quality of public service. Thus, in this case, this study aims to see the effect of service quality on public satisfaction through the role of public managers in the tourism sector of various ethnic groups in Sumatra, Indonesia. This research is an associative quantitative study conducted on people of multiple ethnicities. Determination of the sample using the Cluster Random Sampling technique and continued with convenience sampling. The sample of this research is 1,499 respondents. The Likert scale questionnaire, previously tested for reliability and validity regarding content and empirical test items, was used for data collection in the field. The collected data was then analysed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Analysis Moment of Structural (AMOS) statistics and continued with the Sobel test. The literature study also supports data collection. The study’s results prove a significant direct effect between service quality variables and the role of public managers on satisfaction. Moreover, this analysis found that service quality variables indirectly impact satisfaction through the manager’s role. Thus, the research results provided evidence that the research model can be utilised as an academic reason to strengthen the theories and models that have been reviewed in this research study.

Establishing a rational tax policy is of great importance for stable and effective public governance. This article discusses the impact of changes in tax revenues on economic growth, using the example of Georgia. In the years after independence, significant changes in Georgian tax policy were made several times, which affected the economy of the country and made the issue of tax policy research relevant. Taxation is an important source of state revenues in Georgia. The amount of tax revenues in Georgia has continuously increased over the years, and reached 22.2% of gross domestic product in 2020. In addition, the ratio of revenues collected by direct and indirect taxes in tax revenues and the changes in dynamics are noteworthy. The impact of taxation on economic growth in Georgia is analyzed in this paper using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results of the econometric analysis suggest the positive and significant impact of indirect taxes as well as the negative impact of direct taxes on economic growth. Thus, tax policy changes are recommended.