Communication & Mass Media Complete

The cyber domain is one of the newest and most rapidly evolving fields of knowledge which has led to the development of a new area of law - cyber law, that regulates the use of the Internet and activities performed over the Internet and other networks. The cyber domain is particularly dynamic: new concepts are constantly developed and need new terminological designations, which in turn need new counterparts in other languages. Formation of these designations and their counterparts often raises terminological issues that are important to deal with in order to develop a coherent system of the cyber domain terms. The given paper focuses on the terminology that includes the lexical item cyber which may be considered as the main signifier of the cyber domain indicating its specific nature. The aim of the paper is threefold: to analyse the origin and development of the lexical item cyber, to investigate conceptual categories of the EU legislation terminology that includes the lexical item cyber and to establish the Lithuanian counterparts that are used for translation of the lexical item cyber in the Lithuanian equivalents of the English terms. For the purposes of the study, the ad hoc English and Lithuanian corpora of the EU legislative documents were compiled. Corpus-driven methodology was used to extract and investigate the terminology used in the corpora. The results of the research are believed to provide useful information to learners and teachers of the legal language and legal translation, as well as drafters of legislative and administrative documents and other professionals engaged in cybersecurity matters.

Synonymous word pairs often become an obstacle on the road to favourable result in composing academic texts because semantic prosody and semantic preference of these words are neglected. The current study examined the concordance lines with synonymous adjectives succinct & concise, coherent & cohesive, precise & accurate in the academic texts of Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and identified semantics of co-occurring collocates, interchangeability of synonyms and their distribution across nine academic disciplines. The research describes the semantic arrangement of collocations with synonymous pairs of words and encourages persons with academic pursuits rely on corpus data based tools to improve knowledge of semantic prosody and preference of words with similar meanings. The study showed that near synonyms succinct & concise, coherent & cohesive, precise & accurate have different semantic prosody, semantic preference and distribution across registers which should be taken into consideration while building collocations with these words. The analysed synonyms cannot be used interchangeably in all contexts. Although they share similar meaning, their semantic preference in majority of cases is different and they are unevenly scattered across registers. The current study will help to improve learning, teaching, and research of English academic vocabulary in its many contexts.

The article deals with the “bridges between languages” in teaching tertiary langu¬age by drawing on the example of „Deutsch nach Englisch” (German after English). It aims at showing how these bridges can be utilized in foreign language courses. One of the similarities they bear is that international words are not only enormous help in everyday communication but also a great aid in language acquisition. The lexemes being recognised especially at the initial stage of language acquisition reduce the fee¬ling of difficulty in the process of learning and stimulate motivation. Together with the examples of international words, particular spelling and morphological subtleties can be presented, as well as the differences of new language semantics can be elucidated. Working with international words and systematically comparing them with another foreign language may encourage one to form the rules of a new language being effective for language learners.

The current study is an attempt to identify similarities and differences of collocates with the headwords bachelor and viengungis in free word combinations and collocations of the English and Lithuanian languages and identify attitudes that the speakers express concerning the referent. The empirical data for the research are taken from the mass media texts from 2012 to 2017. Qualitative approach is applied to investigate the data retrieved following the principles of corpus linguistics. Descriptive method is used to identify semantic nature of collocates with the headword bachelor/viengungis predetermined by discourse prosody. English and Lithuanian corpora containing free word combinations and collocations with the headword bachelor/viengungis manifest similar positive connotation with the referent in English and Lithuanian mass media texts.

The article provides a corpus-driven analysis of 70 English multiword terms and their equivalents in French and Lithuanian including the word risk as a head noun from the EU legal acts and discusses the principles of Frame Semantics and FrameNet project. Firstly, the theoretical principles of analysis (concept of a frame and its practical application in FrameNet) were defined. Secondly, the contrastive analysis of financial terms definitions was conducted. Afterwards, the extracted terms were classified in Risk_scenario according to their meaning. The research proved that the theoretical principles of Frame Semantics, developed by the project FrameNet, may be applied for the semantic analysis of financial terms including the word risk. The frame Risk_scenario provides a background of beliefs and experiences that are necessary to interpret the lexical meaning of the word risk whose meaning cannot be perceived without the understanding of the concepts related to it – assets, protagonist, harmful event, situation, degree, place, and time.

This article examines the use of English in German and Lithuanian Internet advertisements from a linguistic perspective. The aim of the article is to discuss the most significant theoretical approaches to the language of advertisements, to analyze the reasons of using new English borrowings, faking into account the features of advertising as a genre, to determine the spread of English, together with the functions of English elements in advertising as well as to analyze types of integration of Anglicisms. The article offers a qualitative analysis of English borrowings. The research is basedon the examples drawn from recent Internet advertisements. The theoreticalbasis of the articte is a generalized classification of reasons for English borrowing in advertising, which includes designate, semantic, stylistic, and socio-psychological reasons. English borrowings are used to fill in a semantic gap, to express the identity of a particular social group, or to associate the product with a particular cultural stereotype. The English usage in theadvertisements can be also explained by creative motives in search for more interesting ways of expression, and by social reasons, as English is a sign ofhigh-quality products,prestige and even fun. From the viewpoint of advertisers, English borrowings attract attention to the product, demonstrate advantages bya symbolic value of English, or play with language foran emotional effect. This study provides evidence that the German and Lithuanian advertising industry is continuing toexploit English as a lingua franca in international campaigns. The paper offers an overview of research into advertising and shows that some types of English borrowings in German and Lithuanian are gradually becoming a norm.