Lietuvos ir Europos Sąjungos socialinių – ekonominių modelių lyginamoji analizė: darbo rinkos reguliavimas
Gliosaitė, Kristina |
Panovas, Igoris | Darbo gynimo komisijos narys / Thesis Defence Board Member |
Davulis, Gediminas | Recenzentas / Rewiewer |
Mikaila, Mindaugas | Darbo gynimo komisijos pirmininkas / Thesis Defence Board Chairman |
Sasnauskas, Algis | Darbo gynimo komisijos narys / Thesis Defence Board Member |
Dobravolskas, Algis | Darbo gynimo komisijos narys / Thesis Defence Board Member |
Rakauskienė, Ona Gražina | Darbo gynimo komisijos narys / Thesis Defence Board Member |
Černiauskas, Gediminas | Darbo gynimo komisijos narys / Thesis Defence Board Member |
Pastarąjį dešimtmetį dėl vis didėjančio globalizacijos tempo vienu iš aktualiausių debatų ekonomikos srityje tapo konkurencingumas. Jis dažnai siejamas su valstybių ekonominio potencialo vystymu, kurį įtakoja ne tik atskiros ekonomikos šakos ar įmonės, tačiau ir valstybinis sektorius, pasitelkdamas reguliacinę politiką. Ji sukuria tam tikrą veikimo rėmą – nustato privačių veikėjų elgesio taisykles, ir tokiu būdu įtakoja atskirų rinkų, tokių kaip prekių, kapitalo, darbo jėgos funkcionavimą bei patrauklumą. Siekiant įvertinti, palyginti valstybių konkurencingumą bei atitinkamai jas pozicionuoti, tarptautinės organizacijos (Pasaulio Bankas; Pasaulio ekonomikos forumas) bei ekspertai, remdamiesi tam tikrais kriterijais, kasmet teikia palyginamojo pobūdžio konkurencingumo studijas. Pavyzdžiui, 2006 m. rugsėjo mėnesį paskelbtais Doing Bussiness vertinimais Lietuva užima 16 vietą pagal palankumą užsiimti verslu. Tačiau pagal vieną iš šio minėto rodiklio aspektų – darbo rinkos reguliavimą – Lietuva teužima tik 119 vietą iš 175. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas – identifikuoti Lietuvos darbo rinkos reguliavimo modelį ir jo poveikį šalies konkurencingumui, atsižvelgiant į kitų Europos Sąjungos šalių darbo rinkos reguliavimo praktiką.
One of the most important issues concerning economic performance debated in recent years is competitiveness. It is often being associated with the development of countries economical potential, influenced not only by the different economical branches or enterprises, but also by public sector, which is empowered with regulatory policy. This policy is meant to create a certain framework for actions – by setting the rules for the behaviour of private actors, thus influencing the functioning and attractiveness of different kind of markets (goods; capital; labour force). Each year such economic and social research giants as The World Bank, The World Economic Forum announce “the leaders and the loser” of economic potential and attractiveness. For example, based on the “Doing Business” (2006) assessment Lithuanian ranks as a 16th country as regards the ease of doing business. However based on one of the detailed indicators – employing workers - Lithuania ranks only as a 119th country out of 175 countries. The main aim of this work - to identify Lithuanian labour market regulation model and its influence regarding country’s competitiveness, based on the practice of European Union labour market regulation models. It is also aimed to determine whether Lithuanian labour market regulation model and the level of its flexibility facilitate the strengthening of Lithuania’s competitiveness, i.e. how much it is prepared to cope with the challenges of ageing labour force, emigration; or to what degree labour market regulation is favourable for the changes of economic structure. Lithuanian labour market regulation model is compared to EU labour regulation market models: Scandinavian-type; Anglo-Saxon; Southern and Continental model. The work is divided into four parts where the first part deals with the content of labour market regulation. This part examines the concept and origin of regulation, the concept of regulation flexibility and the forms of internal and external flexibility. The second part presents the classification of EU countries social systems, its origin and main features in relation to social policy and labour market regulation. The third part examines the evolution and present regulation of Lithuanian labour relations system, and the main problems of labour market. The fourth part compares Lithuanian labour market regulation model with EU models based on internal flexibility criteria, which were defined in the first part. The main finding of this analysis - Lithuania‘s model can be defined as a mixed one, but it is closer to Southern and Continental models. Lithuania’s model could also be characterized as having a low flexibility degree and a stricter employment security, which “constrains” the development of Lithuania’s competitiveness, however the results of labour market performance are rather better compared to those countries, which apply a similar labour market regulation. It could be assumed that in some way inflexible Lithuanian labour market regulation is counterbalanced by the other economic and social factors: shrinking unemployment; increase of wages; robust economic development and etc. The further development of Lithuania’s competitiveness should be view through the recently evolving discussion regarding Lithuanian labour market regulation reform. It could be dealt with by the development of appropriate regulation policy, which should be coordinated with the reform of education and social relief systems. Respectively the work presents the more detailed recommendations regarding the ways to increase Lithuanian labour market regulation flexibility.