Migracijos priežastys ir pasekmės Lietuvai
Koncijalovienė, Rita |
Damulienė, Aldona | |
Lietuva, kurioje gyvena apie 3,5 milijono žmonių, po Nepriklausomybės atgavimo 1991 m. patyrė sparčių socialinių ekonominių ir politinių pokyčių. Dabar demokratinėje Lietuvoje sukurta veikianti rinkos ekonomika, kuri sudaro stabilios ekonominės plėtros pagrindą. 2004 m. tapusi Europos Sąjungos (toliau – ES) valstybe nare, Lietuva aktyviai naudojasi priklausymo ES bendrajai rinkai, ES viešosios politikos teikiamais privalumais. Lietuvos narystė NATO ir ES užtikrina ekonominį bei politinį stabilumą ir suteikia ūkiui papildomų plėtros galimybių.
The relevance of the Project: since the reestablishment of independence in 1991, Lithuania has gone through rapid social and economic changes. According to various sources, from 1990 approximately 400 000 people have left Lithuania. At present the problem of migration is especially pressing, because the potential of migration in Lithuania is very huge: about 40–60 % of the population would like to go abroad for living and working. Since a major part of those who leave comprises the people of working age and especially the youth, it has become a matter of great concern for the public authorities, forcing to revise and analyze the factors causing migration and to search for ways to reduce it. The main causes of this phenomenon are unemployment, low wages, and considerable economic differences across the regions of Lithuania, non-competitiveness of enterprises, unsuccessful integration of population into the labour market, housing-related problems, insufficient support for young families. The object of the work: economic migration, its causes and effects on Lithuania. The objective of the work: to analyze the causes prompting migration and to establish its positive and negative effects on the economy of Lithuania. The tasks of the work: 1. To present the conception of migration. 2. To examine theories of international migration. 3. To prepare the methodology of migration research. 4. To disclose the causes of migration and its effects on Lithuania. 5. To analyze the causes of migration, its effects on Lithuania and to make proposals for resolving migration-related problems. The methods of the work: the following research methods are used in the Thesis: 1. Analysis of scientific literature. 2. Analysis of legal acts. 3. Analysis and comparison of statistical data (from different time periods and with the EU statistical indices). The results of the work: the hypotheses defined in the Thesis that the principal causes of migration are economic and that migration has a negative impact on the economic growth of Lithuania have proved true. The performed research reveals that the two main causes of migration, which can be estimated economically, are the search for higher wages and a higher standard of living. Migration from such a small country as Lithuania has negative effects: a decreasing number of the population and ageing of society, shortage of work force have an impact on the GDP growth, the State loses skilled specialists, which, in turn, influence economic growth processes, competitiveness, labour market, social and demographic processes.