Nedarbo raidos tendencijos Lietuvoje po nepriklausomybės atkūrimo

Abstract

Labour is not only the guarantee of human social status in society, but also is his moral duty, the sense of full value. After the rehabilitation of Lithuanian independence, the employment was being formed in very complicated conditions. There were not only great political, economical and social changes going on, but also there were changing the human position in the labour market. The main reasons for growing of unemployment were behind the unstable economics of Lithuania: ineffective politics of privatization, growing number of insolvent enterprises, low scale of investments and ineffective politics of State social insurance. Fifteen years of independence passed and the improvement of the economic situation and increasing financial stability of enterprises gave positive impulses to the labour market. So the thesis presents Lithuanian people unemployment evolution, describes its main tendencies in 1991–2005 year, analyses unemployment statistic data, reasons and results, as well as the decisions for unemployment decrease. The first part of thesis reviews the theoretical aspects of unemployment, describes principal concepts of labour market and its participants. The second part analyses the general, territorial and structural tendencies of unemployment and accents its main problems: deep regional differentiation, unofficial employment, decreasing of non – qualified and long – term unemployment. And the third part presents the main methods of unemployment regulation. The strategic purpose of labour market politics is the balance of labour supply and demand trying to enlarge the employment of the population of the country. Aiming to increase employment of the population, reduce poverty and social exclusion, qualified specialists of the labour exchange provided assistance to thousands of people to return to the labour market and acquire marketable professions. The implementation of newly started projects from the European Social Fund enabled to involve more unemployed people into active labour market programmes and help them acquire working experience and practical skills. The decrease of unemployment was the consequence of an economic gross and increasing demand in employment in the home market as well as Lithuanians’ migration to other European Union countries. Therefore the ways of solution of labour market problems are connected with the country’s economical development, liberalization of business and formation of attractive climate for direct foreign investments.