Kalinin, Oleksandr

This article presents a methodology that combines expert assessments and mathematical calculations to quantify the impact of external and internal threats on the energy security level of a state. The approach utilizes an energy security model to assess the impact of changes in integrated index components. Adaptive control methods are employed to decompose integrated indices and security indicators. The methodology incorporates indicators determining safe existence limits within security gradations and uses normalization techniques and dynamic weighting coefficients. It also formalizes the impact of threats on the integral index, constructs a new trajectory for goal achievement, and decomposes the dynamics into components and energy security indicators. The developed methodology aids in formulating management decisions to mitigate and eliminate threats to energy security, ensuring adaptability within the energy system and maintaining a trajectory of sustainable development. Through the country's Energy Sustainability Plan, this can be applied at various levels, from local to national.

This article delves into the role of digital transformation in bolstering economic security within investment processes, emphasizing the integration of environmental sustainability. It discusses theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches that illuminate how digital technologies can enhance investment practices while ensuring environmental responsibility. The authors emphasize that leveraging digital transformation can not only mitigate risks and vulnerabilities but also bolster efficiency and transparency in investment decision-making while promoting sustainable practices. Through a review of pertinent literature, the article scrutinizes the advantages of digitalization in realms such as data analytics, automation, and artificial intelligence, highlighting the dual benefits of economic security and environmental stewardship. The findings enrich the existing knowledge base on economic security and underscore the significance of embracing digital transformation infused with environmental sustainability in the investment arena. This article furnishes valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers navigating the evolving landscape of investment processes in an increasingly digitized and environmentally conscious world.

Cryptocurrencies are digital assets that are used to store and protect savings. The study examined the cryptocurrency market and analyzed the development of investment. A methodology for researching the crypto-asset market is proposed. The main directions for forming a cryptocurrency portfolio (crypto portfolio) have been identified. Methods for forming an optimal "cryptocurrency portfolio"(hedging) have been studied, including risk assessment in the context of income from cryptocurrency and determining the relationship between profitability and volatility. Crypto assets with the "Proof-of-Work"principle (for example, Bitcoin) as a source of investment for environmental events are acceptable when attracting other financial instruments. The prerequisites for developing the cryptocurrency market as a source of investment in "green"projects have been determined.

This article examines the technological synergy of engineering, digitalization, nanotechnology, and intelligent digital marketing, focusing on its critical role in enhancing the economic security of corporate enterprises. In a rapidly evolving digital economy, leveraging technological innovations is essential for businesses to remain competitive and sustainable. This research specifically explores several applications of nanotechnology, including nano-enhanced materials that improve product performance, nanoscale sensors for real-time monitoring of production processes, and nano-coatings that provide durability and protection against environmental stressors. Moreover, it explores how savvy enterprise marketing strategies based on big data analytics and artificial intelligence can market to and empower consumers towards successful marketing campaigns to maximize commercial enterprise growth. By examining this homeostatic relationship in marketing and nanotechnology and addressing the mutual benefits of expediting engineering technologies, this study will highlight how integrating these systems can enhance the resilience of enterprises to economic fluctuations while boosting long-term viability. It reveals that finding new answers to technical change requires an expansive approach that integrates systems of engineering practice, nanotechnology, and digital marketing under a collaborative nexus toward building a more economically secure enterprise capability in today’s complex new market order.

Purpose: This article aims to present a methodology for evaluating economic security within digitalized investment processes, addressing the evolving financial landscape's demands for innovative assessment approaches. Methods: The methodology developed integrates key components, indicators, and measurement techniques to offer a holistic evaluation of economic security. Case study countries are analyzed to identify common patterns, trends, and best practices, enriching the methodology's robustness. Results and discussion: The methodology provides valuable insights into maintaining economic security in digitalized investment environments, emphasizing factors such as legal and regulatory frameworks, technological infrastructure, data security, and investor protection. The analysis facilitates a nuanced understanding of economic security dynamics in digital transformation. Implications of the research: This research has significant implications for policymakers, researchers, and industry practitioners by offering a comprehensive tool to navigate the complexities of economic security in the digital era. It enables stakeholders to adapt effectively to digitalization challenges and opportunities, ensuring investor protection and financial system stability. Originality/value: This research contributes to the discourse on economic security and digital transformation by presenting a reliable and efficient evaluation methodology. It fills a critical gap in current methodologies, enhancing the ability of stakeholders to address the intricacies of digitalized investment processes and safeguard economic security.

Investment security in the development of the digital economy forms the basis for enhancing the digital competitiveness of European countries, ensuring the development of a pan-European data space, strengthening cybersecurity, stimulating the activity of underdeveloped economic sectors, and driving the digital transformation of public healthcare services.  Aim and tasks. The study aims to determine the strategic directions and challenges of enhancing investor support to establish favourable circumstances for the growth of the digital economy in European countries. Results. The advantages of the digital economy as a basis for further human development are identified. According to the analysis of the dynamics of the digital skills indicator, a trend of increasing individual digital skills among people in EU countries with four and five out of five indicator components was observed in 2023 compared to 2021 (an increase ranging from 0.57 to 1.64 percentage points). The leaders in the increase in Internet usage frequency are Romania, Belgium, and Montenegro, with increases of 19.98%, 18.29%, and 17.31%, respectively. The benefits of using digital technologies to enhance business competitiveness and the need to promote digital investment in regions with low levels of digitalisation, which consequently have low investment attractiveness, were identified. This will help counteract the imbalance of digital resources and data exchange, and form the potential for developing competitive digital advantages for European countries’ economies. Conclusions. Obstacles to digitalisation in European countries include an aging population, which contributes to a low level of skilled labour availability and disparities in the adoption of digital technologies. There is a need for continuous monitoring of the implementation of digital transitions in European countries. Digitalisation serves as the main driver of technological innovations and services, productivity growth in economic sectors, and reduced efforts in data analysis and decision-making. Investment security in the digital economy should promote the acceleration of digital transitions in regions with low-capacity levels. The rationality of investment decisions can expedite the development of digital infrastructure as the primary potential for the growth of less fficient industries on the path to sustainability.

The study suggests the methodology and model calculations of implementing priority institutional measures to overcome threats to sustainable development, the theoretical foundation of which is macroeconomic theory: aggregate demand, aggregate supply and the model of general macroeconomic equilibrium that allows modeling all the defined priority areas: 1) proposed measures to prevent corruption and reduce the level of shadowing of the economy by legislatively limiting markups for "padding firms" to no more than 15%, which limits the level of shadowing to no more than 15% and an increase in the share of wages in output at the level of EU countries - 0.28; 2) the quantitative impact of wage increases on macro indicators is shown; 3) adherence to realistic and optimistic development scenarios ensures innovation efficiency at the level of 0.89 and 2.1, respectively, instead of the current level of 0.13; 4) increase in investment, export of goods and services, household consumption and decrease in import of goods and services; an annual strategic plan for the restoration of the ecological component and its indicators on the trajectory of sustainable development has been developed, which ensures the level of reliability of environmental safety at the level of the EU countries.The simultaneous application of macroeconomic levers creates a cumulative effect of economic growth of all interconnected macroeconomic indicators.

Biodiversity loss is irreversible and demands investment in organizational measures for environmental protection and effective risk management of relevant financial investments to ensure national economic security. This research analyzes the directions of investment support for economic security based on rational interaction between society and ecosystems. The goal of this article is to identify the main directions of anthropogenic impact on the environment and the interdependence of improving ecological indicators through investment activities in the corresponding direction to ensure economic security. The study examines investment directions in environmental protection within the LIFE program projects to prevent negative cause-and-effect effects from the implementation of natural innovations. The maximization of the EU’s efforts in ecosystem restoration and protection is identified to mitigate investment risks by promoting the adoption of innovations across a wider range of societal spheres. It is estimated that during the period from 2018 to 2022, there was an increase in investment in environmental protection by approximately 18%, resulting in areduction in emissions intensity by 22.9% by economic activity types from 2016 to 2021, and the average CO2 emissions indicator contributed to a decrease by 1.1%. Investing in the environment requires continuous adaptation to changing external conditions and requires adjustments to reduce risk threats, such as unforeseen consequences of financial investments in certain economic sectors, shifts in societal behavior, and unexpected ecosystem impacts. However, effective management of investment risks is a potential for the development of environmental investment activities, such as the implementation and support of sustainable innovations (transition to eco-friendly construction, reforestation, raw material certification).

Introduction. The study of economic security is relevant due to strengthening competition in the world market and military conflicts, which are becoming critical tasks for the state. Studying economic security makes it possible to identify the problematic aspects of a country's economy, find solutions, and develop strategies to ensure a sustainable investment policy. The specifics of changes in organizational models associated with digitalization also transform investment management systems. The most significant digital changes affect economic security, as the high openness of companies contributes to the emergence of various threats and risks to their activities. Therefore, it is essential to study the problems related to the risks of digital transformation within the framework of economic security management in the investment provision of Ukraine. Aim and tasks.  The purpose of the study is to analyse problems and develop a recommendation for assessing the level of economic security when developing investment projects, taking into account the risks of digital transformation, for better preparation for future projects of post-war reconstruction in Ukraine. The results. This study developed a conceptual model for assessing the level of economic security, which includes the systematization of critical indicators of economic security and the organization of ensuring end-to-end transparency of information during the implementation of investment projects for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine based on intelligent technologies. Software for assessing economic security using machine learning methods is proposed, which will allow forecasting the state of the enterprise's economic security for the entire implementation period of the investment project. Conclusions. This research proved that an enterprise's economic security is a complex and integral economic concept that requires studying the influence of several external and internal factors. Therefore, the established approach to assessing the state of economic security should cover all current investment processes and risks that arise in the context of the digitalization of enterprises, influencing the choice of critical indicators. Post-war reconstruction should be based on the modernization of the economy by improving the security of the business environment (reducing corruption, ensuring private property rights and strengthening the security of business activities) and the transition to a digital society.