Survilaitė, Simona

Research background: Currently the topic of a company's intellectual capital is being widely investigated by various researchers. Nevertheless, only a small number of studies on the company's intellectual capital impact on its market value were conducted. What is more, the concept of a company's intellectual capital itself is not unified. There are some discrepancies in defining a company's intellectual capital, unifying structural model of the company's intellectual capital, and harmonizing the research methods and models of how to evaluate a company's intellectual capital. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to examine various scientific approaches of the company's intellectual capital and its impact on the market value of a respective company; to prepare a model of company's intellectual capital and its impact on the market value. What is more, the aim of this article is to check and test the model effectiveness using an example of the Baltic States listed companies. Methods: Data on 58 Baltic States' companies that are listed in Nasdaq Baltic stock exchange were taken as the basis of the research. Based on four component model (human capital, structural capital, juridical capital, relational capital) a set of indicators for assessing company's intellectual capital was formed. Expert evaluation was used in order to assign weights for different structural parts of intellectual capital. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted in order to find out what factors are the most significant for a company's intellectual capital. In order to find out how specific elements affect company's intellectual capital, a pair-wise multiple correlation and regression analysis were used. An average comparison method was used to reveal differences between companies of different countries. Findings & Value added: The study contributes to the Baltic States' knowledge on intellectual capital. It was detected that it is appropriate to use human capital, structural capital, juridical capital, and relational capital structural parts as components of company's intellectual capital while investigating its impact on market value of a respective company. According to the obtained results, the model of a company's intellectual capital and its impact on the market value was created, optimized, and its validity checked using exploratory factor analysis. The model was used to test the Baltic States listed companies and how their intellectual capital affects the market value. It was identified that intellectual capital in the listed companies of the Baltic States has a positive impact on their market value. Nevertheless, the study revealed that intellectual capital structural parts do not equally affect the market value of listed companies. The findings support the conclusion that human capital and relational capital have the greatest influence on the market value of listed companies. Companies where structural capital comprises the largest proportion of intellectual capital had lower levels of intellectual capital aggregated index, which could be examined in future studies.

Innovation is essential for economic growth in developed countries. One of the most important sources of innovation is human capital. In this article, state of human capital in EU countries is investigated in order to show the relationship between human capital and national innovation performance. In the first part, theoretical assumptions of human capital importance for innovation processes are analysed. Secondly, measures of human capital are analysed and a measurement model is presented. This model is applied for investigation of state of human capital in 26 EU countries during 2002-2012. Results showed that quality of human capital is the most important factor for innovation performance. Quality indicators have even higher correlation with innovation in countries with low share of innovative enterprises (enterprises with high-level of new technology acceptance and usage). The aim of research is to analyse the theoretical importance of human capital investment for national innovation capability in EU countries, and to determine human capital aspects that foster innovation performance. Therefore, objectives are as follows: to analyse theoretical assumptions of human capital importance for innovation processes and to present the current state of research; to analyse available human capital measures and create a human capital measurement model; and to analyse state of human capital in EU countries as well as its relationship with national innovation capability.

The evaluation of intellectual capital factors is an essential part for the management of joint-stock companies. Many authors indicate that successful intellectual capital management increases value added in joint-stock companies. Nevertheless, intellectual capital is a complex and challenging concept as there is still no clear guidance, what the intellectual capital features and its structural parts are. Theoretical research revealed that scientists accentuate various intellectual capital parts depending basically on the type of their research, on the level of the research (micro, mezzo, macro), variables they selected to investigate and similar. This research paper gives an insight what drivers can be increasing value added in joint-stock companies.

The majority of publicly listed companies are trying to adapt to investors requirements and to provide as much information about company as possible. Company‘s potential of generating value added and ability to increase potential percentage of dividends attracts investors. Nevertheless, it appears that financial reports of publicly listed companies do not reflect all information, which is disposed by a respective company. Intellectual capital, being the most important factor of value added creation, is not being reflected in the financial reports and not even being managed by directors or managers. This paper provides the model of intellectual capital evaluation in publicly listed companies, which could potentially be a tool for evaluation, control and management.

Knowledge is the only source of economic development and one of the main sources of competitive advantage. In the context of environmental and organizational changes, knowledge should be constantly renewed, created and used in commercial activities. In order to make this process more effective, the cooperation of universities and business is needed. This article explores knowledge transfer process between the higher education institutions and business sector. The aim of this paper is to study the mechanism of knowledge transfer between the higher education institutions and business sector and its importance for innovation in Lithuania. The logic of Triple Helix model is applied for the analysis of knowledge transfer pattern. Based on the review and analysis of the scientific literature, legislation and statistical data analysis, a collaboration pattern is described as a statist mode of Triple Helix .

The importance of value creation in small and medium-sized business companies has always been in focus. The changing environment makes a strong impact on all companies all over the world. Nowadays, the value added, which is created by the company, not only depends on tangible but also on intangible assets. It is not enough just to manage internal resources to be efficient or generate high value added. Knowledge and information as an important tool for the management of the external environment have become a new factor of a company. Since elements of the intellectual capital system are intangible and hardly measurable in company’s value added, this paper aims to create a model for the analysis of the creation of a company’s value added through intellectual capital. Subsequent to the review of literature on value creation and management, the authors proposed a model for value creation through intermediate, which presented three main elements of value added creation.

The capability to understand and evaluate processes executed in various organisations is inevitable. Economists are creating models in order to simplify complex and sophisticated operations. Two main tasks are needed to be executed within organisation: which drivers stimulate value creations and how to measure and control them. From intangible point of view, intellectual capital is an essential part of every organisation’s stable performance. The principle of intellectual capital is that it increases and promotes value of the company, which is a generator of major profit and stock results. The only struggle economists and managers have is the competency to evaluate and to assess intellectual capital.

Research limitations/implications – the most challenging aspect is the discrepancies and contradictions in the measurement of intellectual capital. The differences of various enterprises broaden the perspective of intellectual capital and multiple points of view and attitudes are formalized into different methods of intellectual capital capture, measurement and managing. Practical implications – the universal model of intellectual capital measurement could help enterprises to focus on the intellectual capital management itself. The main goal and concentration to the intellectual capital management and not to the understanding the concept would save time and increase the productivity and efficiency in every day’s procedural activities. Originality/Value – the ability to understand and implement intellectual capital evaluation methodology is essential for every enterprise. As a consequence, the efficiency and productivity is increasing and the value of the company is growing.