Atvirumas

Svarstomi atviros visuomenės pagrindai, arba "grįžimo į Europą" problema. Pateikiami universalios Europos dvasios bruožai: individo (visuomenės) orumas, atstumo išlaikymas, sugebėjimas susitarti, kilę iš laisvo piliečio idėjos. Problema sprendžiama filosofiniu lygiu; žmogaus atvirumas pagrindžiamas kaip žmogiškasis tapatumas. Tapatumo prielaidos: galimybių lygybė, dalyvavimas, bendravimo kokybė ir pan. Uždarumo išraiška laikomos socialinės anemijos, užribio klasės atsiradimas, konsumizmas, elito garbinimas, neformalių santykių suvešėjimas, kosmopolitizmas. Išvada: Europos dvasia kaip atvirumo dvasia gali būti išugdyta tik žmoguje per individualybę. Visuomenės atvirumas prasideda kiekviename žmoguje. Filosofija išryškina "kiekvieno" visuomenės esmines prielaidas.

Openness these days is the most important problem in Lithuanian political, social and philosophical thought. It is identified with Western civilization or "going to Europe",The definition of open society first of all includes the problem of social identity - the first precondition of the open society is social and personal identity. Social identity means a search for measures and possibilities to achieve the goals of social development and improvement. Today the chief danger to social and personal identity lies in the adverse conditions of continuous underdevelopment. The modern strategy for ensuring open society and open personality would mainly rely on the principle that every citizen is a part of openness, i.e. its active agent. For this reason, a strategic condition is to create equal starting possibilities (equality of opportunities) for everyone. Radically new opportunities in the evolution from a closed to an open society claims responsibility from philosophy: philosophy must induce human self-understanding. The problem of openness is a new phenomenon in a Lithuanian philosophical thought. It is the function of philosophy to constitute the basis for understanding the principles of community life. Especially, if we wish to understand the complicated contemporary society life in this country, we need a new philosophy which could explain social changes and their trend. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the problem of openness in this society and tasks of philosophy. I shall first propose an acceptable definition of open society. The second part examines various parameters (criteria) for open society and closed society.