Teoriniai ir praktiniai tvarios ekonominės raidos aspektai

Tvarios raidos koncepcija yra plačiai išnagrinėta teorine prasme, kuri visuotinai suprantama kaip nemažėjanti visuomenės ekonominė gerovė, atsižvelgiant į technologinius, ekologinius ir socialinius veiklos apribojimus. Tačiau dainiau yra akcentuojama tik silpno tvarumo sąlyga, kad bendra turimo kapitalo vertė turi nemažėti laike. Ne magiau svarbi griežtesnė tvarios raidos sąlyga, kuri teigia, kad gamtos kapitalo palaikymas pastoviame lygyje garantuotų ^manijos potencialo tenkinti poreikius nemažėjimą ateityje ir tuo pačiu tvarią nenutrūkstamą raidą. Šis reikalavimas vadinamas stipraus tvarumo sąlyga. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami ne tik teoriniai, bet ir praktiniai tvarios raidos vertinimo klausimai.

The papermakers an overview of theoretical and practical issues of sustainable development starting with the weak sustainability clause and moving to formulation of the strong sustainability clause. The weak sustainability clause, that gross value of disposable capital should not decrease is emphasized. The generation equality principal and other criteria of welfare are analyzed. The necessity for the strong sustainability clause is analyzed, which states that sustainability of ecological capital on a non-declining level would secure no contraction of the need in the future and, concurrently, sustainable uninterrupted development. Problems related with discounting of utility and formulation of the Green Golden Rule provisions are more widely tackled. A practical measure of economic sustainability is presented - real saving, which measures changes in gross capital value, when capital encompasses both tangible, natural and social factors and resources. Calculation of the real saving measure is not complicated: it simply equals changes in tangible assets, natural capital and social capital reserves, multiplied by their shadow prices. However, in practice, when calculating real saving one faces the problem of shortage of relevant information or its unreliability.