Didelio meistriškumo sportininkų bėgimo greičio rezultatų kaitos priklausomumas nuo treniruočių krūvio

Tyrimo tikslas — nustatyti ir įvertinti didelio meistriškumo sportininkų bėgimo greičio rezultatų kaitos priklausomumų nuo treniruočių krūvio. Buvo tirtos lengvaatletės moterys (60—400 m nuotolio bėgikės), Lietuvos nacionalinės ir olimpinės rinktinės narės (n = 6. amžius — 19—29 m., svoris — 57,8 ± 4,73 kg, ūgis — 168 ± 7,9 cm). Taikytos trys ugdymo programos (akcentuojant jėgos greitumą, greitumą ir greitumo ištvermėj Greitumas buvo vertinamas 60 m bėgimo testu, kurio metu registruoti: 30 m bėgimo iš vietos, 30 m bėgimo įsigreitėjus ir viso 60 m bėgimo vidutinio greičio rezultatai. tyrimas parodė, kad jėgos greitumo fizinis krūvis pagerino 30 m iš vielos (p < 0,05) ir pablogino 60 m bėgimo rezultatus. 30 m bėgimo įsigreitėjus rezultatas pablogėjo (p < 0,05) greitumo fizinis krūvis pagerino 60 m bėgimo iš vielos ir 30 m bėgimo įsigreitėjus rezultatus (p < 0,05), bet pablogino startinį įsibėgėjimą (p < 0,05): greitumo ištvermės/ainis krūvis pablogino visų, t. y. 60 ir 30 m bėgimo iš vietos ir 30 m bėgimo įsigreitėjus (p < 0,05), lestų rezultatus.

Though the world records in 100 m sprint events have been improved year-by-year, and in the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games the record of this event was also beaten — 9.69 s (its holder was Usain Bolt, a sprinter from Jamaica), we are still searching for new technologies which would help short distance runners improve their results even more. There are many movements the effi ciency of which depends on the person’s quickness, and there are many specifi c forms of the manifestation of quickness, so their development should also be specifi c. The peculiarities of quickness development are least coherent to coaches and scientists. One reason for that is a false notion that quickness automatically improves while developing muscle strength (Skurvydas, 1998). Thus, it is necessary to study athletes’ basic physical abilities and their impact on sports results. The aim of our research was to determine and evaluate the changes in running speed results of high skilled athletes depending on the specifi city of their training loads. The subjects were female athletes (the distance of 60—400 m), members of the Lithuanian National and Olympic Team (n = 6, age — 19—29 years, weight — 57.8 ± 4.73 kg, height — 168 ± 7.9 cm). We applied three training programs focusing on strength quickness, speed and speed endurance. Speed was evaluated by a 60 m running test which was registered as follows: 30 m dash running, 30 m acceleration running, and the mean result of speed covering the whole 60 m distance. Research results showed that the physical load of strength quickness improved the 30 m dash running result (p < 0.05), but it worsened the 60 m running result. The result of 30 m acceleration running worsened as well (p < 0.05); the physical load of speed improved the 60 m dash running result and the 30 m acceleration running result (p < 0.05), but it worsened the start run-up (p < 0.05); the physical load of speed endurance worsened the results (p < 0.05) of all the three types of running: 60 and 30 m dash running and 30 m acceleration running.