Statutinis Teismas
| Date Issued |
|---|
2023 |
1935 m. Lietuvoje buvo įsteigtas Statutinis Teismas, kuris turėjo nagrinėti Didžiosios Lietuvos ir Klaipėdos krašto įstatymų bei administracinių aktų teisėtumą. Knygoje atskleidžiamas politinis, ekonominis, socialinis kontekstas, kuriame gimė idėja steigti Statutinį Teismą, jis buvo įsteigtas, kartu ir sužlugdytas. Monografijoje analizuojamos suvereno teisių, suvereniteto, autonomijos sampratos ir tuometinės doktrinos. Knygoje taip pat atskleidžiamas milžiniškas M. Römerio indėlis, steigiant Statutinį Teismą, kuris iš esmės įkūnijo pirmą konstitucinio ir administracinio teismo funkciją atliekančią teisminę instituciją Lietuvoje.
The Treaty of Versailles marked the end of the First World War. Articles 28 and 99 of this peace Treaty separated the Klaipėda Territory (hereinafter aslo referred to as the Territory) from Germany and transferred it to the states that had signed the Klaipėda Territory Convention (hereinafter – the Convention). Article 2 of the Convention stipulated that the Klaipėda Territory would form a unit of Lithuanian sovereignty. Thus, after the Convention entered into force, the Territory became part of the state of Lithuania.Mykolas Römeris saw several important grounds for joining the Klaipėda Territory to the foundations of Lithuanian international law. Firstly, the Convention, concluded between Lithuania and four signatories, which included the Territory into the state of Lithuania, did not mean any gift or favour to Lithuania but meant the fulfillment of the imperative norms of the Treaty of Versailles. Römeris claimed that the Convention meant not only an agreement to include the Territory in the sovereignty of the state of Lithuania, but also a formal deed of transfer of the Territory. Thus, one of the most important aspects of this transfer was that it was an element of the legal construction of the Treaty of Versailles, and every attack on this element meant the destruction of the legal order established by the Treaty of Versailles. Secondly, the Convention represented international recognition of a national principle because it was based on national legal criteria that outlined that the transfer of the Territory to Lithuania was justified. That national aspect meant that the Lithuanian state would remain unitary, even after the annexation of the Territory. It also meant that the fact of the transfer of the Territory to Lithuania was not an elementary consequence of the reduction or seizure of German or Prussian lands, but an “amendment of the international legal order”. Thus, according to Römeris, at the international level, Lithuania’s unity with the Territory was based on solidarity with the procedure established by the Treaty of Versailles and the legal nation state. The preservation of those two international aspects strengthened Lithuania, and their demolition, ac-cording to Römeris, weakened Lithuania’s position internationally. Thirdly, Lithuania acquired a natural and necessary complementary economic addition – a port. According to Römeris, it was this factor that opened Lithu-ania to the world, allowing it to decide to export to countries other than Germany:“If we are independent, alive, it is thanks to Klaipėda and the Baltic Sea.”.