Prekyba moterimis: problemos, sprendimai, žvilgsnis iš vidaus

At the moment trafficking in women is considered to be one of the basic sources of revenue of the criminal world. According to different sources from 800,000 up to 4 million persons, mainly women and children, are trafficked abroad for sexual exploitation every year world-wide. The profit of this criminal business is calculated in billions of US dollars. According to the Europol data more than 120,000 women and children are sold to the Western Europe yearly. As nongovernmental organisations of the European Union countries suggest this figure could be four times bigger. This problem becomes more and more critical for the Eastern and Central Europe, including Lithuania. Considering Lithuanian social problems trafficking in women is noted to be one of the most complex and least perceived. This latent phenomenon was little discussed for a long time and only during the previous years, after the scale of the problem had been noticed, more attention was paid to this problem, researches and publications were made. While discussing the problems of trafficking in women multidimensionality of this phenomenon is unfolded. Trafficking in women is both part of business of illegal migration, and outcome of economic problems, and a variety of other social problems. But the most painful thing is the broken fates, humiliation, often unheard calls for help. Only after all the aspects of the process have been thoroughly looked through it is possible to hope for an effective fight against it. Trafficking in women is a constituent of illegal migration business. One of international migration aspects is its treatment as of global business with legitimate and illegitimate working measures. Migration business is understood as an institutionalised "network" with its essential complicated accounting of profit and loss. Many institutions and individual agents seeking for commercial interest perform functions in this system. As different indirect sources suggest, while the number of legal migration possibilities declines (most often this is due to immigration restrictive policy), the potential and flows of illegal migration increase in most European countries, and this is a perfect environment for the trafficking in human beings to evolve. As much evidence show more and more migrants are using services of illegal organisations, trafficking in people/ migrants becomes a prosperous international "business", which involves new countries including Lithuania. System of trafficking in migrants covers shipping operation planning, information gathering, finances and certain technical tasks. The investments (input) into these activities and its result (output) are described here. Mainly the investments are done by migrants themselves and the final goal of the system/ output is the lodging of the migrants in the destination place, i.e. their insertion in the labour market of the destination country (often in the shadow labour market and slavery conditions). In case of trafficking in women, the component of insertion into the society is evaded, on the contrary, the girls are normally isolated from any contacts with outsiders, become "debtors" and can remain within the sphere of influence of traffickers for a long time in the "slavery". Trafficking in women in Lithuania: scale, importance, factors. According to the experts' estimation, the scale of trafficking in women in Lithuania is the biggest in the Baltic States. Even if the real figure of trafficked women for work as prostitutes is unknown (supposedly the annual number of trafficked women in the Baltic States is about 2000-3000, nearly half of them are trafficked from Lithuania) experts agree that since 1990 (when the first such cases where registered) the number of trafficked girls to foreign brothels is increasing, the geography is expanding as well. According to the experts' estimation, the scale of trafficking in women in Lithuania is the biggest in the Baltic States. Even if the real figure of trafficked women for work as prostitutes is unknown (supposedly the annual number of trafficked women in the Baltic States is about 2000-3000, nearly half of them are trafficked from Lithuania) experts agree that since 1990 (when the first such cases where registered) the number of trafficked girls to foreign brothels is increasing, the geography is expanding as well. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and liberalisation of migration policy, all problems manifested in Lithuania, which were typical for the neighbouring countries. One of the urgent problems - unemployment especially effected women, among whom were those raising children. Women struggling to survive agree to do any kind of work, sometimes even delivering sexual services. Human traffickers make use of the present situation, sell women as cheap labour force both in Lithuania and abroad, and push them into modern slavery. Trafficking in women is closely related to the sex industry: expansion of local entertainment/sex industry and trafficking in women to the foreign states are the two sides of the same phenomenon. In theory it is possible to distinguish three main directions of trafficking in women: street prostitution; women working as prostitutes for agencies, "export" of women to other countries. Trafficking in women across borders, "export" of women from Lithuania is quite a new phenomenon both for the society and for legal and social institutions. No official statistics is avaHable on how many women are sold to work as prostitutes to foreign countries. So one have to rely himself on research material, indirect sources...