Žmogaus klonavimas teisės požiūriu
Jazukevičius, Šarūnas |
Vaišvila, Alfonsas | Darbo gynimo komisijos pirmininkas / Thesis Defence Board Chairman |
Nikitinas, Vladas | Darbo gynimo komisijos narys / Thesis Defence Board Member |
Beinoravičius, Darijus | Recenzentas / Rewiewer |
Baublys, Linas | Darbo gynimo komisijos narys / Thesis Defence Board Member |
Šlapkauskas, Vytautas | Darbo gynimo komisijos narys / Thesis Defence Board Member |
Spruogis, Ernestas | Darbo gynimo komisijos narys / Thesis Defence Board Member |
Magistro baigiamasis darbas: “Žmogaus klonavimas teisės požiūriu”. Pagrindinės sąvokos: klonavimas, žmogaus klonavimas, reprodukcinis klonavimas, terapinis klonavimas, žmogaus embrionas, kamieninės ląstelės, bioetika, biomedicina, biomedicininiai tyrimai. Darbą sudaro trys pagrindiniai dėstomosios dalies skyriai, todėl santraukoje bus aptariama pagrindiniai aspektai nagrinėti minėtuose skyriuose. Visų pirma, pateikta žmogaus klonavimo samprata, jo rūšys. Antra, trumpai aptartas žmogaus klonavimas etikos, moralinė, religijos ir kitų sričių atžvilgiu. Trečia, apibrėžtas žmogaus klonavimo reglamentavimas tiek tarptautiniu, tiek nacionaliniu lygiu bei nustatytas šio reiškinio santykis pagrindinių žmogaus teisių ir laisvių atžvilgiu.
Master’s graduation thesis: “Human Cloning from the Perspective of Law”. The main concepts: cloning, human cloning, reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning, human embryo, stem cells, bioethics, biomedicine, biomedical research. The thesis consists of three main chapters; therefore the summary includes the main aspects, which were analysed in those chapters. Firstly, the conception of human cloning and its kinds are described. Secondly, human cloning is discussed from the viewpoints of ethics, morality, religion and other spheres. Thirdly, regulations on human cloning are defined on both national and international levels as well as the relation of this phenomenon with respect to the main human rights and civil liberties is described. The society has begun discussing cloning quite recently. When at the end of the second millennium the first cloned sheep Dolly appeared in the world, a possibility to clone a man started being discussed. When speaking about human cloning, it is necessary to distinguish between its two forms: a reproductive cloning, the goal of which is to produce a clone, and a therapeutic cloning which is aimed at curing people of different diseases. In their essence both forms of cloning are very similar technologically, only the final phase and the goals of these experiments differ. Therefore after examining this problem deeper it becomes obvious that both forms of cloning are incompatible with the key concepts of religion, ethics, morale and law whereas the benefits of this phenomenon are only imaginary and predictive but not guaranteed. After emergence of new relationship of such character, the states of the world hastened to regulate it both on national and international levels, but as a result of such haste no unanimous and imperative opinion was reached. Many states unanimously approve of imposing both a moral and a legal ban on reproductive cloning, but there is no clear and imperative legal act prohibiting this form of cloning on international level. National legal banning is unreliable and unstable because it can change as a result of different circumstances and stimuli. The regulation of therapeutic cloning remains in the competence of the states themselves, but there is no unanimous opinion about this form of human cloning: in some states it is allowed whereas in others prohibited. This absence of unanimous opinion is detrimental as it conditions different protection of “human life” (human embryo) in different countries and allows research and experimenting in the field of human cloning thus providing an opportunity that a result of human reproductive cloning – human clone – might appear in the future. Human cloning is a threat to the established order in the society and its fundamental principles, to human uniqueness and its principal rights. Therefore this phenomenon should be prohibited imperatively and clearly regulating it on the level of both national and international legislation all over the world with a purpose to protect humanity from the negative consequences of this phenomenon.