Humanitarinių mokslų institutas / Institute of Humanities

The topic of migration has become increasingly significant for contemporary discussion due to its sharp rise. People migrate for a variety of reasons, such as seeking better employment, education, family reunification, or escaping persecution and armed conflicts. Migration management occurs on both national and international levels, involving collaboration between governmental and non-governmental organizations to create and implement policies that protect migrants’ rights, ensure their integration, and maintain community stability. Thus, the need to clarify migration-related terminology to large groups of users has increased considerably. The research aims to model the framework of concepts of the migration domain and contrast linguistic means used for formation of their designations based on the bilingual English-Lithuanian corpora data. The research results can be practically applied in several areas. Firstly, conceptual frameworks are essential for organizing knowledge within the migration domain. They are based on conceptual relationships, which help develop a clear picture of the specialized domain and its knowledge structures. This is important for experts who create and share knowledge, for the public seeking to acquire it, and for terminology managers. Secondly, nowadays conceptual frameworks are found inseparable from knowledge engineering, which is a form of artificial intelligence. They involve the identification, representation, transformation, and transfer of knowledge. And finally, the results of the research might be used for compilation of a terminological database of the migration domain benefiting migrants, migration institutions, students and translators.

Frame Semantics allows for the revelation of semantic and syntactic patterns representing conceptual frames and explains how language functions to make meaning possible. The aim of the research is to carry out a frame-based analysis of the terms designating the concept RISK in an ad hoc trilingual parallel corpus of financial documents, and contrast the linguistic means used to express risk-related situations in English, French and Lithuanian. The object of the research is multi-word terms with the nominal base risk/risque/rizika. There are no works on terms from EU financial field applying Frame Semantics methodology in several languages so far. The given research attempts to fill this gap. Therefore, it is significant in two major aspects. First, this is the first scientific work in which Frame Semantics methodology is applied for the contrastive analysis of the English, French and Lithuanian terminology. While the English and French terminology has been investigated using frame-based approach for several decades, it is the first attempt to apply this methodology for the Lithuanian terminological data of the financial field. Second, Corpus Linguistics methodology disclosed the real use of terms and revealed the perception of the universal conceptualisation of a domain in question and peculiarities of its linguistic expression in different languages. Thus, the findings of this research might be applied by terminology researchers, practitioners, trainers, users and other participants of the international specialised communication whose interests and work concern the links between language and knowledge.

Literatūrologiniai vertimo tyrinėjimai Lietuvoje nėra gausūs, ypač poetinio vertimo. Disertacijoje siekiama sistemingai ištirti Shakespeare’o sonetų vertimus į lietuvių kalbą, aprėpiant visus keturis egzistuojančius sonetyno vertimus, kuriuos pateikė keturi poetai – Alfonsas Tyruolis, Aleksys Churginas, Sigitas Geda and Tautvyda Marcinkevičiūtė. Pagrindinė šiame darbe kelta problema yra atitikmuo (arba ekvivalentiškumas) Shakespeare’o sonetų vertimuose į lietuvių kalbą. Atitikmuo suprantamas kaip daugybinis analogas. Nors atitikmens kūrimui tikslinėje literatūroje tarsi suteikiama savotiška laisvė, įvairios skaitymo alternatyvos, egzistuoja tam tikros ribos, neleidžiančios svarbiausioms reikšmėms ir prasmėms išsprūsti. Lyginamoji analizė atskleidė, kad sonetų vertimuose į lietuvių kalbą nėra visiškų atitikmenų nuo makro - iki mikrolygmenų. Kai kurie vertėjai labiau susitelkia į etiškumą, kiti į poetiškumą. Bendra sonetų tematika dažniausiai perteikiama vertimuose į lietuvių kalbą, tačiau kai kurių tropų ir daugiasluoksnio teksto vertimas kelia didesnių keblumų. Atitikmuo veikiausiai buvo visų vertėjų siekiamybė, tik ne visada pavyko jį rasti ir perteikti.

Legal terms have been constantly created and used to name new legal concepts. It is important that they accurately perform their function and are convenient to use. Contrastive research on formation of terms reveals traditions and trends of term-formation in different languages and helps establish prevalent criteria and principles of term-formation in those languages. This dissertation is devoted to a contrastive study of terminology of constitutional law, which to date has not been examined or compared with other languages. The aim of the research is to describe and contrast the linguistic means used to form terms found in legal acts of a constitutional nature in English, Lithuanian and Russian. The object of the research is one-word and multi-word terms used in documents of constitutional law in English, Lithuanian and Russian. There are no works on contrastive analysis of formation of legal terms in several languages so far. The given research attempts to fill this gap. Therefore, it is significant in two major aspects. First, during the research a methodology of contrasting formation of terminology of different languages was created, which helps to reveal traditions, principles and criteria of term-formation in different languages. Second, the research provides a lot of information for developers of terms, it gives new insight into formation of terms of the native language and ideas on how to develop and improve terms that are currently used. Thus, the results are relevant for terminologists, who conduct scientific research, develop terms and perform term management work, for users of legal language, translators and teachers in Lithuania and abroad.

The aim of the present research is to investigate the phenomenon of social media use in university studies based on its participants’ lived experience by researching how university study participants: teachers, students and administrators make sense of social media use in university studies through their own lived experience. The meaning is revealed through exploration of teacher, student and administrator personal stories of social media use in university studies. Qualitative inductive content analysis by Elo and Kyngas (2007) was chosen as a core method for this PhD research. This method was integrated with the phenomeonlogical hermeneutics by Lindseth and Norberg (2004). The research revealed multiple dimensions of the phenomenon. It should be noted, that due to the power of dualistic perception the practical dimension of the phenomenon represents positive effects and contradictions of social media use in university studies. However, the contradictions acquire binary Janus-faced characteristic of uncertainty and paradox when social media use in university studies demonstrates unintended consequences. Social media use in university studies also causes changes in experiencing time, space and relations which acquire new (both positive and negative) meaning. The essential themes of the phenomenon embrace human creativity and pedagogical relationship which essentially belong to human living world not to technology world. The research participants experience spatiality as social media space used for various activities related to teaching and learning which causes the changing perception or the redefinition of the working place. It is acutely felt by the teacher research participants that their time is sometimes perceived as stress or additional load, especially time devoted for mastering social media or answering the avalanche of student questions which shows that social media use in university studies demands a new approach to teacher workload and its regulation. There also stands out the necessity of sensitive democratic teacher – student pedagogical relationship characteristic of cooperative atmosphere, acknowledging students multitasking, facilitating student activities, flexibility, tolerance, preference of informal communication. The research proves that pedagogical relationship and human creativity are still at heart of technological “cyborgian” existence.

Kriminalistikos mokslas aktyviai ieško naujų metodų ir priemonių spręsdamas savo strateginius uždavinius. Tarp perspektyvių krypčių, kurios neabejotinai naudingos ir nusikaltimų tyrimo praktikai, yra lingvistikos metodų taikymas identifikuojant autorių arba atsakant į kitus klausimus. Kai į ekspertinio tyrimo akiratį patenka dokumentai, įrodomosios informacijos šaltiniu gali tapti juose užfiksuoti tekstai. Ilgą laiką pagrindinis dėmesys tiriant dokumentus buvo skiriamas grafinei teksto pusei, t.y. rašysenai. Tačiau daug ekspertiniam tyrimui reikšmingos informacijos gali suteikti ir teksto kalba. Juk kalboje, o tiksliau, šnekoje, pasakymuose, žodžiuose, tiesiogiai ar netiesiogiai perteikiama nemažai informacijos apie jos vartotoją- autorių.

Disertacijoje tiriama ir lyginama, kaip semantinės kauzacijos kategorija reiškiama trijų kalbų – lietuvių, norvegų ir suomių – veiksmažodžių sistemose. Tiriamos kalbos vartojamos tame pačiame (Baltijos) regione, bet skiriasi tiek savo kilme, tiek struktūra, todėl kauzacija jose reiškiama skirtingai. Atlikto tyrimo rezultatai leidžia daryti tokias pagrindines išvadas: (1) Pagal formaliąją struktūrą lietuvių, norvegų ir suomių kalbų kauzatyvai skirstytini į du tipus: (a) morfologiniai kauzatyvai (kauzatyviniai veiksmažodžiai), kurie savo ruožtu sudaro du potipius: kauzatyvai su formaliuoju kauzacijos rodikliu (afiksiniu ir apofoniniu) ir kauzatyvai be formaliojo kauzacijos rodiklio; (b) sintaksiniai kauzatyvai (kauzatyviniai veiksmažodiniai junginiai). Lietuvių ir suomių kalbose pagrindinis kauzacijos raiškos būdas yra morfologiniai kauzatyvai su afiksiniu kauzacijos rodikliu, o norvegų kalboje –sintaksiniai kauzatyvai bei morfologiniai kauzatyvai be formaliojo kauzacijos rodiklio. (2) Lietuvių, norvegų ir suomių kalbų kauzatyvų formuojamos kauzacinės konstrukcijos skirstytinos į du tipus: a) vieno lygmens kauzacinės konstrukcijos (jas formuoja visi morfologiniai kauzatyvai ir sintaksiniai kauzatyvai, kurių abu nariai sakinyje funkcionuoja kaip vienas sintaksinis vienetas); b) dviejų lygmenų kauzacinės konstrukcijos (jas formuoja sintaksiniai kauzatyvai, kurių kiekvienas narys sakinyje formuoja atskirą sintaksinį lygmenį). (3) Lietuvių, norvegų ir suomių kalbų morfologiniai ir sintaksiniai kauzatyvai, nusakantys tas pačias situacijas, ne visuomet laikytini atitikmenimis. Jų reikšmių skirtumus lemia skirtingos semantinės ir sintaksinės savybės.