Venckienė, Eglė

Siekiant valdyti elektroninius dokumentus itin svarbi valstybės politika dokumentų ir archyvų valdymo srityje, taikomi modeliai, pasitelkiamos informacinių ir ryšių technologijos (IRT). 2016 m. sausio 11 d. sukako 10 metų nuo pirmųjų Elektroninių dokumentų valdymo taisyklių paskelbimo Lietuvoje, o tai skatina nustatyti teisinio reglamentavimo vaidmenį elektroninių dokumentų valdyme. Nuo 2016 m. liepos 1 d. Europos Sąjungoje taikomas eIDAS reglamentas, apibrėžiantis elektroninio dokumento, elektroninio parašo ar spaudo sąvokas, kurios turi įtakos ir elektroninių dokumentų reglamentavimui Lietuvoje. Pagal Lietuvos Respublikos dokumentų ir archyvų įstatymą, Lietuvos vyriausiasis archyvaras dalyvauja formuojant valstybės politiką dokumentų ir archyvų valdymo ir naudojimo srityje ir ją įgyvendina, todėl svarbu tirti sprendimus, priimtus dėl oficialiųjų elektroninių dokumentų formatų, įvertinant elektroninių dokumentų bei elektroninės formos dokumentų santykį Lietuvoje. Straipsnyje, remiantis teisės sistemine analize, archyvų srities tyrėjų publikacijomis ir kitais šaltiniais, analizuojamas oficialiųjų elektroninių dokumentų valdymo reglamentavimas Lietuvoje bei identifikuojama jo problematika.

How must the state life be organized to ensure right protection of all the people and realization of the rights? Striving this aim, it is orienting on a law-governed State model which is formulated as the long-term and strategic ideal of the State’s development in the preamble of 1992 Constitution of Republic of Lithuania. While analysing the current constitutional regulation and searching for the methods to improve and resources to strengthen the constitutional system, researchers of the constitutional law look for the background information in the most recent legal experience, EU constitutional tradition and even more – in the experience of constitutionalism in the entire world and Lithuania. The reason is simple – it is Western tradition where the concepts of the constitutionalism, democracy and rule of law gained their true meaning. The idea and practise of law-governed state is the product of the capitalistic epoch in essence. It developed as an organized effort of a citizen to restrict the self-will of the State authority with respect to his rights in the Western Europe and America. This trend evolved from the legal state to the law-governed state (rule of law) and, finally, to the social state or the welfare state. A conscious realization of law-governed State model is based on the knowledge what kinds of measures of human rights protection it disposes and what the possibilities of those measures to reach this aim were in Lithuania. This article is an attempt to revise a tradition of the European constitutionalism and assess its impact on the Constitutions of the first Republic of Lithuania (1918-1940), to discuss application of the European constitutional heritage while developing the constitutional provisions in Lithuania. [...]

Object of the research presented in this article – social and legal thought of Lithuanian Catholics of the interwar period. In 1918, having restored the independence of Lithuania, a problem arouse concerning the choice of the national and legal order and the formation of new concept of the law. The most numerous was the Catholic part of intelligentsia, therefore the purpose of this article is to examine, through the analysis of its most distinguished representative, a perception of the mission of the state and the law in the course of implementation of human rights. The research discloses that it was back in the early 20th century that Lithuanian Catholics revealed new plane of research of the inter-relation of capitalism, socialism and government of the state and formulated theoretical insights in the social state under the rule of law – these insights retained their importance up to our days. They recognised that capitalism is a result of natural development of the society, rather than an incidental phenomenon, and this is a positive characteristic. They did not entirely denounce socialism, as well, but denied the instruments of solving the social conflict, which were proposed by the socialists, and projected that due to the progress of the society a new order in terms of quality will emerge. This order will be based on synthesis of capitalism and socialism and will preserve the viable principles of both orders.

Thus human dignity stands above human rights, is a core of all human rights and freedoms, the human dignity serves as an argument in their interpretation and concretisation. Dignified life is not possible without effective enjoyment of fundamental rights. The right to health care is stressed as one of the fundamental rights, without which the person will not able to enjoy other rights: economic, political and social rights. It comprises the right to enjoy the best physical and mental health. Analysis of the provisions of international legal acts proves the right to healthcare in the international treaties and declarations has evolved from the health as a fundamental value of the human being to the independent right, the implementation of which involves an increasing number of measures (which become even more targeted) for the implementation of factors that cause major effect on health. The international legal acts provide for the basic provisions and clearly defined measures to be put to life, however it is the national disposition that determines the scope and methods of their implementation. The right to health care is not absolute in itself: efficiency of its implementation depends upon both ability of administrative and institutional systems, which were created by the state, to properly implement the assigned functions and upon the individual, its state of health and lifestyle. So on the grounds of the fundamental value of the human rights, this article describes a basis of the right to health care in terms of quality, discloses its concept, reviews the spheres of health system in which this right is exercised: health care and public health.

Vakarų pasaulyje socializmas šiandien suvokiamas kaip nuolatinis visuomenės demokratizavimosi ir reformavimosi procesas, kaip vienas iš idėjinių faktorių, kuriant socialinę teisinę valstybę, kurio kompetencija nustatant socialinę teisinę tvarką – kurti solidarią vienodų teisių ir laisvių visiems visuomenę. Šiuolaikinėje Lietuvos teisinėje sąmonėje taip pat lieka erdvės naujoms socializmo interpretacijoms, suvokiant, kad ši ideologija niekur nedingo, o tik susiaurėjo jos kompetencija. Dabartinė vertybinė orientacija yra suponuota tarpukario politinės teisinės minties. Gausiausia tuomet katalikiškoji inteligentijos dalis formavo to meto visuomenės valstybės ir teisės misijos įgyvendinant žmogaus teises sampratą, išryškino socializmo trūkumus bei privalumus tame procese ir kiek jie turi išliekamąją vertę įgyjant socialinės teisinės valstybės pavidalą.

On the grounds of the fundamental value of the human rights, which is the human dignity, this article describes a basis of the right to health care in terms of quality, discloses its concept, reviews the spheres of health system in which this right is exercised: health care and public health. The right to health care is stressed as one of the fundamental rights, without which the person will not able to enjoy other rights: economic, political and social rights. It comprises the right to enjoy the best physical and mental health. The right to health care is not absolute in itself: efficiency of its implementation depends upon both ability of administrative and institutional systems, which were created by the state, to properly implement the assigned functions and upon the individual, its state of health and lifestyle.