Žilinskienė, Deimantė

Ko yra pasiekiama rizikos valdymo sistemų pagalba? Kiek tokios rizikos valdymo sistemos viešajame sektoriuje skiriasi nuo privataus sektoriaus? Ar jos yra efektyvios? Šie klausimai šiandien, susidūrus su daugialypėmis krizėmis ir rizikomis, tampa aktualūs pirmiausia Vakarų šalių gyventojams bei jų politinėms ir viešojo administravimo sistemoms. Bet ne tik joms.

Domintis pokyčių problematika, galima rasti stebinančių dalykų. Pavyzdžiui, toks „Kobros efektas“. Buvo įdomi įsimenanti istorija apie kolonizuotą Indiją. Britai vargo su indus kandžiojusiomis kobromis Delyje. Tada pasiūlė finansinį atlygį už kiekvieną sugautą kobrą. Tačiau atsitiko netikėtas dalykas – tam, kad daugiau uždirbtų, indai pradėjo jas sąmoningai veisti. Tada britai, supratę sukčiavimą, nustojo mokėti, o indai paleido kobras į miestą....

Macro-environmental factors such as global and national public management reforms, economic crises, the COVID-19 pandemic, changing security situations (for example, the war in Ukraine), and the evolution of political and legal systems, the development of a knowledge economy and innovations (eg, big data, e-government initiatives), climate change, migration and demographic challenges, changing societal values and needs, are some of the factors that form various level requirements for public sector institutions to implement changes. Institutional changes at the micro and nano levels can be driven by various objective and subjective reasons, such as the desire to improve the quality of public services, refine internal processes and structure, increase accountability, reduce institutional budget expenditures, increase efficiency, change civil servants’ behavior in the desired direction, implement technological systems, consolidate institutions. It should be noted that changes in public sector insti tutions can be understood as planned and purposeful activities, or as unplanned activities dictated by various external environmental factors, hence the tools and results of these change programs dif fer.(Schmidt, et. al., 2017, p. 11-13, Nograšek, 2011, Karp, Helgo, 2007, Brown, et. al., 2003, 2, Barcan, 2010, p. 94).

The importance of metacognitive awareness in learning, on the one hand, and the necessity of considering demographic variables, on the other hand, have encouraged the researchers to conduct this research. This research aims to initially determine the relationship between the level of metacognitive awareness and demographic variables of students from three Lithuanian universities, such as age, gender and area of study.

Purpose – to analyze the development of the concept of the internationalization process and the essential challenges and opportunities for internationalization implementation in higher education. Design/methodology/approach – the article relies on the qualitative type research methods: content analysis, synthesis, comparison and analysis of scientific literature. The article consists of three main parts. First part deeply analyzing concept of development of internationalization processes, in the second part challenges of internationalization in higher education are analized and in the fird part possible opportunities and suggestions for solving the challenges of nternationalization in higer education are analyzed and presented.

The article examines the phenomenon of risk management in the context of the activities by public governance systems. The relevance of this phenomenon is driven by the highly dynamic macro-environment of the 21-st century, including the COVID-19 pandemic, refugee crises, various natural disasters, and other social upheavals faced by public sector institutions. In this review-type article, the specificity of risk management in public governance institutions is analyzed on highlighting challenges at the meta, macro, micro, and nano levels, and attempting to propose solutions of various kinds. The phenomenon of risk management systems is also explored in the context of public governance modernization reforms, with a particular emphasis on the stage of new public management by highlighting its key features and implications for risk management. The article raises discussions about the importance of risk management systems and their opportunities for improvement.