Kai kurios kriminologinės problemos dvidešimtmečio socialinių pokyčių Lietuvoje kontekste

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama kriminogeninių procesų dinamika dėsningų bei neprognozuojamų socialinių, ekonominių, politinių pokyčių fone, ieškoma metodologinio pagrindo kriminogeninių faktorių prognozavimui tobulinti. Analizuojamos aktualios nusikalstamumo prevencijos problemos, nusikalstamumo raidos rodikliai Lietuvoje, kriminalinės viktimizacijos pagrindiniai rodikliai, nusikaltimų baimės raida Lietuvoje, kriminologijai svarbūs nusikalstamą veiką padariusiojo asmenybės bruožai.

It is emphasized that temporal levelling-off in crime rates or even temporal reduction in crime rates does not reduce criminological issues in the whole. Crime as a negative social-legal phenomenon is widely connected with all social phenomena, such as economy, employment, education, social relations, etc. So, it cannot be cancelled or defeated as simple as some of politicians like to present it. Criminological problems are permanent; they require constant solutions and systematic approach. Furthermore, the victimological aspect in criminology is also essential not only for a clear understanding of the scope and nature of the crime damage, but also for adequate assessing of potential victimization of people, who will never be recognized as victims in the criminal process (e.g., attempts to bribe and other cases). In the authors’ view, the concept of a personality of a criminal should be formulated more precisely to make a clear division between features of a law-loyal person and features of a criminal person. A criminal person is the whole of interdependent socially important negative features and relations interconnected with external conditions and factors, which determine repeated criminal activities. This concept is based on the general principle that personality changes only during some period of extremely negative criminal, anti-social experience, intentional criminal activities, when a person sustains social exclusion.