The restrictions of retroactive legislation

In addition, the article reveals methodological problems related to both recognition of retroactivity and identification of its legitimacy. As regards the abovementioned, the article concludes that existence of retroactivity shall be mainly identified in cases, when a legislator has not included it in the content of a legal norm, and, therefore, for purposes of identifying retroactivity, comparatively complex legal methods have to be applied. However, methods implemented in the legal doctrine are discrepant and often cannot ensure a precise opinion on existence of the retroactivity. Even if retroactivity is identified correctly, there is no consistent understanding of cases, when retroactivity could be considered legitimate. Namely, exceptions to prohibition of retroactivity implemented in various legal systems are so wide and comprehensive that only a close supervision of the aims, of which the regulation was passed with a retroactive effect, it is possible to avoid groundless using of public interest to justify retroactivity.

Straipsnyje analizuojama įstatymų leidėjo ribojimo priimti retroaktyvaus galiojimo teisės normas samprata. Palaikant būtinybę riboti retroaktyvaus galiojimo teisės normų priėmimą, šis straipsnis atskleidžia istorinį retroaktyvaus teisės normų galiojimo vystymąsi ir jo doktrinos pirminį formavimą Vokietijos Konstitucinio Teismo praktikoje. Taip pat straipsnyje nagrinėjami keli šios temos aspektai, kurie iki šiol nebuvo tiriami, tačiau yra didelės svarbos suvokiant retroaktyvumo problematiką.