Privatizavimas. Privatizavimo eiga Lietuvoje ir jos įvertinimas teisingumo bei efektyvumo požiūriais

Abstract

Lithuania, one of the first post-communistic countries, in large scales started managing and privatising the assets of the state and municipalities. The main goal in privatisation process is to successfully privatise objects owned by the state, attract investments, which might revitalize Lithuanian economy, stimulate maintaining the existing work places and creating the new ones, renew production and create a certain infrastructure, which should be privatised itself. Privatisation in Lithuania took two stages. In the first stage (1991 – 1995 m.) the state’s assets was privatised for vouchers. During the first stage in Lithuania 5714 objects for LTL 3.4 billion were privatised. The second privatisation stage started in 1996, the state’s assets was privatised for cash. The experience of the second period demonstrates that privatisation of different objects for various reasons goes on slowly, many objects are not sold at first, second or more times, enterprises for sale posses large debts and losses. This shows that goals set by privatizers are not achieved. Privatisation “failures” most often are related not to inefficiency of the market and private sector, but to privatisation methods of the state’s assets and limitations of the market activity. Achieving the goal depends on the selected measures, in case of privatisation – by large part on privatisation methods. Unduly selected privatisation methods minimize privatisation results. In order to achieve effective privatisation results, new and effective management elements should be applied, transparent privatisation ways and methods ensured, competition encouraged and legal base improved.