Jaunimo integravimosi į darbo rinką teisinis reguliavimas ir socialinis veiksmingumas

Abstract

This work aims to investigate the means of legal regulation of youth integration into labour market, and their social effectiveness. The first part of the work analyzes the notion of labour market in the social-economic and institutional aspect, reveals the significance of the legal regulation handling the employment opportunities of the persons with lower possibilities on the labour market. Statistical labour market research data suggest the youth to be one of the social groups experiencing difficulties with the integration into the labour market. 16-25 year old youth and/or young person beginning his work activities for the first time is infixed in the labour code of Lithuania as a person additionally supported in the labour market. The law on the support of unemployed people regulates youth employment support programs. Second part of the work analyzes the documents anchoring the integration of youth into the labour market on the level of the European Union, national and that of municipalities. The present labour market policy of the country is determined by the direct application of employment increase principles set in the legal documents of the European Union, and the implementation of recommendations in the national legislation. For the purpose of expansion of the possibilities for the youth integration into the labour market, the European Union applies the increase of the mobility of young people and the support provided by the Social fund to the member countries initiating the youth employment projects. National active programs of the youth integration into the labour market applied in Lithuania involve vocational guidance and counselling of young people without a vocation or a labour market vocational training and re-skilling for the persons with low demand vocation as well as acquisition of practical work skills for the young people starting their work activities for the first time. Regulation of the labour market processes on the level of Municipalities involves the implementation of passive means of the labour market policy, and the project initiation of the employment increase in the solution of the specific unemployment problems of the region. The possibility to use the funds of the European Social fund expands the role of Municipalities in the reduction of the youth unemployment on the national and regional level. The third part of the work is dedicated to the analysis of the practical experience of foreign countries in the realization of the youth employment support programs, and the European court practice in the increase of youth employment by legal means. This part of the work presents the review of the results of the survey, performed by the author which was intended to reveal the attitude of employers and young people towards the existing legal means of the youth integration into the labour market. The survey data reveal that the present legal regulation of the youth integration into the labour market doesn’t satisfy the needs of the labour market subjects in full. In the opinion of employers, the development of social partnership pursuing the vocational training of the youth, and the financial encouragement of the employers would be the most efficient way of influencing the increase of the opportunities for the youth on the labour market. The survey data on the youth attitude towards the legal regulation of the labour market reveal that presently the vocational guidance of the youth at the general education schools is insufficient. Lack of practical vocational training, in the opinion of the youth, is one of the most important reasons reducing the opportunities of young people to equally compete on the labour market. The analysis of the labour market statistical indicators of foreign country experience, and the data of the survey performed by the author allow to maintain that the problems of the youth integration into the labour market can be solved most effectively by applying preventive unemployment programs on the national level, and by initiating the possibilities to increase the employment support programs in the regions.