Prezidento vaidmuo gerovės valstybės kūrimo procesuose: Lietuvos Respublikos Prezidento G. Nausėdos atvejis
| Date Issued |
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2021 |
Straipsnyje analizuojama prezidentų veikla kuriant gerovės valstybes. Prezidentų vaidmuo šiuose procesuose neatsiejamas nuo specifinės tai šaliai būdingos politinės kultūros, moralinio pavyzdžio ir diskurso formavimo. Esminiais veiksniais, lemiančiais veiksmingą prezidento(-ės�) � gerovės valstybės kūrimo procese, laikytina viešoji nuomonė prezidento(-ės) atžvilgiu, jo/ jos asmeninė filosofija, aiški komunikacija, ryšiai su politinėmis partijomis. Kaip tyrimo atvejis straipsnyje pateikiamas Lietuvos Respublikos prezidento Gitano Nausėdos gerovės valstybės kūrimo tikslas, kaip pagrindinė valdymo ir socialinių teisių įgyvendinimo vizija. Jo vaidmuo kuriant gerovės valstybę svarbus dėl jo inicijuotų pasiūlymų ir pokyčių. Prezidentas ne tik deklaruoja gerovės valstybę, bet ir siūlo konkrečius sprendimus, kaip tobulinti mokestinę aplinką šalyje, gerinti socialinės apsaugos sąlygas, pritaikant aplinką neįgaliesiems, prisidedant prie lygių galimybių, etc.
In the article, the role and activity of presidents in the creation of welfare states are analysed. This topic is definitely almost unexplored and unstudied in scientific literature in Lithuania; that is why the authors pay especial attention not only to theoretical but also to practical material in the article, without forgetting certain requirements and expressions of the political language used, which are necessary to reveal such an important theme. Generally, it is possible to admit a role of presidents in the process of the creation of welfare states which is connected to the specific culture, an example of morality and the formation of the discourse. It is obvious that the need for the president’s role in the creation of welfare states is different in different countries. The nature of the political and legal-administrative conditions matter a lot in order for presidents to have the possibility and obligation to get involved in the creation of the welfare state in a country. Historically, the role of the president in certain countries has been observed enhancing the creation of the welfare state, and there have been cases of reducing welfare states too, by cutting the social security and health service budgets, enforcing new public management-type administrations, etc. The main factors behind successful effectiveness in the creation of the welfare state are: public opinion towards the president, his/ her individual philosophy, clear communication, and relations with the government and political parties. The case of Gitanas Nausėda, the President of the Republic of Lithuania, with his vision of the creation of the welfare state as the main aim of governance and social rights, is presented in the article. In general, President Nausėda supports a bismarckian-corporative, conservative model of a Continental West European (German) type, but he does not go into detail concerning the overall picture of this model, and only certain efforts and results show parts of such a model. This fact shows that Nausėda does not lose the basis of the problem, and understands the difficulties of more radical models, as the difficulties of universal-redistributive models to be implemented practically in Lithuania. It is possible to note that from the 1990s, after the restoration of independence, Lithuanian history began to develop in the direction of a bismarckian-corporative model, and only later did it begin drifting towards a liberal-marginal type. The role of President Nausėda is significant not so much theoretically, but mostly because of the practical proposals and changes he initiated. The president not only supports the welfare state, but also suggests concrete proposals for changes to the tax environment in the country, improving social security conditions and the conditions for the disabled, enforcing equal opportunities, the targeting of certain stipendiums, etc.