Pirmasis logikos amžius Lietuvoje

Abstract

M. Śmiglecki and D. Ortiz were the only representatives of the first century of professional logic in Lithuania (namely, the sixteenth century), having developed the so-called gnoseological level of universals’ theory. In their courses on logic such a level was identical to the question: “How does human intellect abstract universal from individual things?” Śmiglecki took thomistic answer to this question, based on the conception of sensible and intelligible species and the distinction between active and passive intellect. Meanwhile Ortiz presented eclectic interpretation of gnoseological level of universals’ theory. Such an interpretation may be regarded as intermediate variant between thomistic and ockhamistic position. For, together with thomists, Ortiz maintained that abstraction or universals requires intelligible species. On the other hand, like adherents of Ockham, Ortiz rejected real mediation of sensible species in sensual perception – the basis of intellective cognition. The interpretation of gnoseological level of universals’ theory, presented by Śmiglecki and Ortiz, has not given clear answer to the question: “Which natures – real or possessing mental existence alone – active intellect does abstract from particular things?” Thus the abstracted universal remained suspended in the dark mist between intellect and thing.