Advokato profesija: prieštaringas jos pobūdis ir kontrolė
| Author | Affiliation |
|---|---|
Lastauskienė, Giedrė |
Mykolo Romerio universitetas |
| Date |
|---|
2013 |
Straipsnyje analizuojama advokato kaip vienos iš valstybės kontroliuojamų teisinių profesijų statusas. Atkreipiamas dėmesys, kad advokato profesija yra prieštaringa: viena, advokatas iš savo profesijos užsidirba pajamų sau, savo šeimai ir savo veiklai; antra, advokatas yra įpareigotas besąlygiškai siekti, kad jo kliento interesas būtų patenkintas kuo didesne apimtimi; trečia, advokatas yra vienas iš teisingumo įgyvendinimo dalyvių, kuriam taikomi aukštesni elgesio standartai, dažniausiai siejami ne tik su formaliais teisiniais, bet ir su etikos reikalavimais. Šis advokato veiklos prieštaringumas suponuoja būtinybę, kad advokato veikla būtų kontroliuojama išorinėmis priemonėmis. Nurodyta problema turėtų būti analizuojama doktrininiu lygiu, ko Lietuvoje pasigendama.
Such divergence leads to the demand that attorneyship would be controlled by external means. The general external control over attorneyship may be exercised by both lawyers’ professional association (the judicial control over attorneyship in a particular case is not addressed in this article). The paper provides points proving that attorneyship is Lithuania’s least state-controlled profession as compared to other similar professions, e.g. bailiff or notary. The Lithuanian Bar Association bears the primary responsibility for lawyers’ ethical performance. After assessing the published data on the Lithuanian Bar Association activities, it can be stated that the control provided is insufficient, often identifying and responding to formal violations, such as non-payment of contributions and failure to submit the public liability insurance policy. There is no evidence that the Lithuanian Bar Association has a clear position concerning the lawyers’ ethics and expresses it in such a way that no lawyer could question assessment of behaviour non-compliant with ethical principles. Even more questions arise in the light of the latest trends. The Supreme Court of the Republic of Lithuania asked the European Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling in determining whether in certain cases the lawyer, providing legal services to an individual, should be recognized as a business person, his client as a consumer, and the legal aid contract as a consumer contract. At the same time, a legal prerequisite for the lawyer advertising has been created in Lithuania, which had been strictly prohibited until recently. There are grounds for believing that the lawyer will be viewed more as a business person than as a person involved in the justice implementation process. As a result, the extent of ethical requirements to the lawyer may change.