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Alkoholio ir tabako pasiƫlos ir paklausos teisinis reguliavimas Lietuvos Respublikoje
Urnikis, RiÄardas |
VieĆĄosios teisÄs magistro studijĆł programos studento RiÄardo Urnikio paraĆĄytas magistro baigiamasis darbas âAlkoholio ir tabako pasiĆ«los ir paklausos teisinis reguliavimas Lietuvos Respublikojeâ. Ć is darbas paraĆĄytas Vilniuje, 2017 metais, Mykolo Romerio universiteto TeisÄs fakulteto VieĆĄosios teisÄs institute, vadovaujant dr. Gintautui Vilkeliui, apimtis 70 p. Darbo tikslas yra iĆĄnagrinÄti alkoholio ir tabako pasiĆ«los ir paklausos teisinio reglamentavimo raidÄ , dabartinio reglamentavimo pakankamumÄ ir jo tobulinimo kryptis. Darbo tikslui pasiekti iĆĄkelti ĆĄie uĆŸdaviniai: iĆĄnagrinÄti alkoholio ir tabako kontrolÄs, alkoholio ir tabako pasiĆ«los bei paklausos sampratas; iĆĄanalizuoti alkoholio ir tabako paklausos ir pasiĆ«los teisinio reglamentavimo raidÄ po 1990 â 2016 metĆł laikotarpiu; atlikti teismĆł praktikos analizÄ aktualiais alkoholio ir tabako pasiĆ«los ir paklausos teisinio reguliavimo klausimais; ekspertinio tyrimo pagalba iĆĄanalizuoti alkoholio ir tabako pasiĆ«los ir paklausos teisinio reguliavimo tobulinimo kryptis. Siekiant darbo tikslo bei nagrinÄjant iĆĄsikeltus uĆŸdavinius buvo naudoti lyginamasis, sisteminÄs analizÄs, apibendrinimo, loginis â analitinis, alternatyvĆł, pokalbio â interviu, teisiniĆł dokumentĆł analizÄs metodai. Atliekant tyrimÄ nustatyta, kad po Lietuvos NepriklausomybÄs atkĆ«rimo Lietuvoje veikÄ alkoholio gamybos monopolis, alkoholio gamybos ir prekybos ÄŻmoniĆł veikla buvo reglamentuota Lietuvos VyriausybÄs nutarimais. MinÄti nutarimai taip pat reglamentavo, alkoholio ÄŻveĆŸimo ir iĆĄveĆŸimo, ĆŸaliavĆł patekimo ÄŻ Lietuvos RespublikÄ , apmuitinimo tvarkÄ . LR alkoholio ir tabako kontrolÄs ÄŻstatymais reglamentuoti santykiai, susijÄ su alkoholio ir tabako produktĆł, gamyba, prekyba, laikymu, gabenimu, ÄŻveĆŸimu, importu, eksportu, vartojimu, reklama, rÄmimu, ir nustato valstybÄs alkoholio kontrolÄs Lietuvos Respublikoje pagrindus. Jais siekta maĆŸinti bendrÄ jÄŻ alkoholio ir tabako suvartojimÄ , jo prieinamumÄ , ypaÄ nepilnameÄiams, piktnaudĆŸiavimÄ alkoholiu, jo daromÄ ĆŸalÄ sveikatai ir Ć«kiui. Atlikus ekspertĆł interviu paaiĆĄkÄjo, kad siekiant sumaĆŸinti alkoholio ir tabako pasiĆ«lÄ ir paklausÄ bĆ«tinas kompleksiniĆł priemoniĆł taikymas, tobulinant teisinÄŻ alkoholio ir tabako pasiĆ«los ir paklausos reguliavimÄ bei taikant aktyvias prevencijos priemones (taikant ĆĄvieÄiamojo, auklÄjamojo pobĆ«dĆŸio priemones, t. y. daugiau dÄmesio ir lÄĆĄĆł skiriant prevencinÄms, ĆĄvieÄiamosioms programoms, kovai su ĆŸalingu alkoholio vartojimu, tabako vartojimu). Alkoholio ir tabako pasiĆ«los ir paklausos reguliavimo tobulinimas sietinas su specializuotĆł prekybos alkoholiu parduotuviĆł ÄŻsteigimu, jĆł licencijavimo tvarkos patvirtinimu; akcizo ÄŻstatymo pataisomis ÄŻtvirtinanÄiomis naujÄ alkoholio apmokestinimo akcizais tvarkÄ , pagal kuriÄ tarifas bĆ«tĆł skaiÄiuojamas uĆŸ 1 proc. alkoholio, esantÄŻ gÄrimo litre; prekybos alkoholiniais gÄrimais laiko trumpinimu visiĆĄku alkoholio ir tabako reklamos uĆŸdraudimu. RekomendacijĆł ÄŻgyvendinimui buvo parengti 3 teisÄs aktĆł projektai. RaktaĆŸodĆŸiai. Alkoholio kontrolÄ, tabako kontrolÄ, reklama, alkoholio pasiĆ«la ir paklausa, alkoholio akcizas, tabako akcizas.
RiÄardas Urnikis, student of Public Law Master Degree programme, has written Mas-ter Degree final work named âThe Legal Regulation of the Supply and Demand of Alcohol and Tobacco in the Republic of Lithuaniaâ. The work was written in Vilnius, Faculty of Law, at Mykolas Romeris University, p. 70, under the leadership of Gintautas Vilkelis. The purpose of this work is to disclosealcohol and tobacco supply and demand for the development of the legal framework, the current regulatory adequacy and its development trends. Work to achieve the objective to raise the following tasks: to consider alcohol and tobacco control, alcohol and tobacco supply and demand concepts; analyze alcohol and tobacco demand and supply of legal regulation of development after the 1990 â 2016 period; perform an analysis of relevant case law on alcohol and tobacco supply and demand, regulatory issues; expert study to analyze the aid of alcohol and tobacco supply and demand in the regulatory areas of improvement. In order to achieve the purpose of work and to analyse tasks were used comparative, logical-analytical, alternative, systemic analysis,, questionnaire â interview, legal documents analysis methods.The study found that after the restoration of Lithuanian independence, Lithuania had a monopoly on alcohol production, alcohol production and trading company activity was regulated by Lithuanian Government resolutions. These resolutions also regulated, alcohol, entry and exit of raw materials entering the Republic of Lithuania, levying of customs procedures. Minister of Alcohol and Tobacco Control Act to regulate the relations related to alcohol and tobacco products, production, sale, storage, transport, import, import, export, consumption, advertising, promotion, and sets the state alcohol control in the Republic of Lithuania bases. They sought to reduce overall alcohol and tobacco consumption, its accessibility, especially minors, abuse of alcohol and its damage to health and the economy. The expert interviews revealed that in order to reduce alcohol and tobacco in the supply of and demand for the necessary comprehensive measures, improving the legal alcohol and tobacco supply and demand regulation and by taking active measures to prevent (through educational, dissuasive measures, more attention and resources on preventive, educational programs to combat the harmful use of alcohol, tobacco). Alcohol and tobacco supply and demand for regulatory improvement is related to the sale of alcohol specialized stores establishment of their licensing procedure approval; excise law amendments enshrine a new alcohol excise procedures by which the rate is calculated at 1 per cent. the alcohol contained in the beverage per liter; sale of alcoholic beverages for short-time full of alcohol and tobacco advertising ban. To implement recommendations there were prepared 3 projects of legal acts. Keywords. Alcohol control, tobacco control, advertisement, excise duty, tobacco excise, control measures.