Davulis, Gediminas

Authors of study within the monograph came to conclusion that need use of innovative approaches to business development and management of competitiveness, methodical toolkit of forecasting of business development, formation of competitive advantages, effective use of resource potential. Basic research focuses on issues of introduction of innovative approaches to information security, formation of logistics systems, legal regulation of functioning clusters, efficient use of p ersonnel, development of export potential, ecological aspects of businesses. Research results have been implement ed on various models of functioning businesses in trade, industry, agricultural sector, which have an innovative component and allows you to en sure competitiveness in the context of globalization. Results obtained during the research can be used in decision - making at level of how business, and at level of local governments on formation of competitive advantage and business development. Results ca n also be used by students and young scientists on modern concepts of development of enterprises in face of increasing competition and formation of competitive advantages on market of goods and services.

The article deals with the principles of fiscal decentralization and the main points for developing the funding model of general education in the Republic of Lithuania. The current funding model of general education is based on the principle of “pupil basket” which is characterized by a high level of centralization. The new direction of developing funding model is based on the concept of fiscal decentralization. The concept of fiscal decentralization and the principles of its realization in the public sector of economy, which include the distribution of financial resources between the central government and local authorities, as well as the increase of financial autonomy of local authorities are presented. The current general education schools funding model of Lithuania is analysed and the assumptions of said model development according to fiscal decentralization concept are discussed. The increase of efficiency in the sphere of education, as in many other individual spheres of activities can be achieved by increase of the financial autonomy of local authorities in the sphere of general education.

The international role of Euro, advantages and disadvantages of Euro adoption for the countries economy is analyzed. The experience of Germany and Slovenia adopting Euro and consequence of adopting for Estonia is considered. The rezults of investigates of German Statistical Department and Deutsche Bank about the impact of the adoption of Euro on the dynamics of price level in Germany are presented in the article. Although this effect was not significant, however, adoption of Euro influenced the rise of prices in Germany. On the other hand, the inflation process was strengthened by psychological factors. The paper presents the Euro adoption strategy of Lithuania, evaluating the experience of foreign countries that have adopted Euro. The present problems and the perspectives of the European Monetary Union and the Euro are discussed.

Realization of fiscal decentralization in the public economic sector of Lithuania and its correspondence to the principles of the European Charter of Local Self-Government are considered. General principles of tax distribution on the state and local government levels are discussed. Dynamics of budget expenditure of Lithuanian municipalities and their shares in the national budget as well as in the gross domestic product from the point of view of fiscal decentralization is analyzed. Municipal income, its structure and sources are considered. The comparative analysis budget structures of the Vilnius and other capitals of the Baltic countries, i.e. Tallinn and Riga is performed.

The aim of the article is to assess the situation in Lithuania and other countries of the European Union in the sphere of local taxes. The aim is to investigate the theoretical bases of local taxes, to define the Lithuanian situation in the sphere of local taxes, in comparison with other countries. The methods of research are logical and comparative analysis of the scientific literature and the legal certificates, the analysis and generalization of the statistical data. General principles of taxes distribution between state and local authority levels are discussed. The experience of modern democratic states is considered. Today situation in the sphere of local taxes in Lithuania is analyzed. The situation in the capital of Lithuanian municipality is compared with situation in capitals of other countries of the European Union. It makes the conclusion that the local taxes institute in Lithuania is developed insufficiently. It is proposed the means which will enable us to develop local taxes institute until European level, i.e. to legalize of the local taxes by the corresponding law, to legalize the real estate tax as the main local tax developing its base and opportunities of the self-government to install its tariff in more greater limits, the part of the income tax of the inhabitants, attributed to the self-government to legalize as a local tax, empowering an opportunity to install its tariffs within statutory limits the new local taxes, for example, the taxes to property of the legal persons and the magnificent property of the physical persons must be legalized.

The article deals with the economic situation and the state economic policy in Lithuania before and during the crisis. The pre-crisis period, i.e. 2004-2007 years, were the years of the fast economic growth in Lithuanian and other Baltic countries economies, which were unprecedented in postwar Europe. The growth Lithuanian economy was interrupted by global economics and finance crises, which appeared in Lithuania in 2008 year. The macroeconomic situation of Lithuania, the main factors influenced to economy situation of country and means of government economy policy before and in the period of crisis using statistic date are discussed. The anti-crisis policy of other Baltic countries is presented in the article. The statistic data showed that economic processes were similar without essential differences in all Baltic countries with exception the spheres of public finances where Estonia had obvious advantage in comparison with Lithuania and Latvia.

The article deals with the main reasons of finance and economic crises as well as its consequences. It is shown that the processes in real estate and securities markets in USA inflated the prices of real estate and created so-called real-estate bubble the burst of which was a main reason of global financial crisis. The main anti-crisis measures in the EU and USA are presented. The situation of Lithuania in the context of the global crisis is discussed in the article. The macroeconomic situation of Lithuania before and in the period of crisis using statistic date is analyzed. The main factors influenced to economy situation of country and means of government economy policy are discussed. On a base of analysis made conclusion that the economic revival of the country will depend both on the foreign market restoration and on the fact how the government will succeed to expand the domestic market.

The article deals with the economic situation and the state economic policy in Lithuania before and during the crisis. The pre-crisis period, i.e. 2004-2007 years, were the years of the fast economic growth in Lithuanian and other Baltic countries economies, which were unprecedented in postwar Europe. The growth Lithuanian economy was interrupted by global economics and finance crises, which appeared in Lithuania in 2008 year. The macroeconomic situation of Lithuania, the main factors influenced to economy situation of country and means of government economy policy before and in the period of crisis using statistic date are discussed. The anti-crisis policy of other Baltic countries is presented in the article. The statistic data showed that economic processes were similar without essential differences in all Baltic countries with exception the spheres of public finances where Estonia had obvious advantage in comparison with Lithuania and Latvia.

The article deals with the possibility of developing fiscal decentralization and its main part – the institute of local taxes in Lithuania. General principles of tax distribution on the state and local government levels are discussed. The expe rience of contemporary democratic states and current situation of Lithuania in the sphere of local t axes is considered. The budget’s structure of Lithuanian municipalities from the point of view of fiscal decentralization is analyzed. The analysis showed, that non-tax income, which can be mostly influenced by local governments and local taxes comprises but an insignificant share of all local governments income and they significan ce are not great. The volume of state subsidies for budgets of local authorities comprises more than a half of their total revenues. This fact testifies rather a low level of fiscal decentralization in the country. The comparative analysis budget structures of the Vilnius and other capitals of EU countries showed that situation in Vilnius, Dublin, Riga and Tallinn municipalities is similar and characterizes by low degree of financial independence of municipalities. On the other hand budget structure of Paris and Warsaw municipalities indicates a high level of fiscal decentralization, which is much higher than that of the Vilnius municipality. The means are proposed that will enable us to develop the institute of local taxes up to the European level.