Pospelova, Iryna

This article examines the results of research on the relationship between the tendency towards various addictions and masculinity/femininity as gender characteristics of the individual. The sample includes 49 respondents aged 17–20, including 24 females and 25 males. The strength and content of the propensity for various addictions was measured using the methodology developed by Lozovaja (2007). Masculinity/femininity, as a gender characteristic of an individual, was diagnosed according to the masculinity-femininity test (Bem, 2004). Special attention was paid to the specificity of Internet addiction, which was additionally measured using the method for screening diagnostics of computer addiction (Yuryeva & Bolbot, 2006) and the Internet addiction test (Young & De Abreu, 2010). The results of the correlation analysis show that for the specified sample, the degree of expressiveness of the androgyny, masculinity and femininity of the individual is related to the strength and content of the tendency towards both specific and general addictions. It is proven that respondents’ general tendency towards a number of addictions (alcohol, tobacco, narcotics, love) shows a significant negative correlation with femininity. At the same time, sexual, food, religious, medicinal and healthy lifestyle addictions show significant positive correlations with femininity. Addiction to a healthy lifestyle is positively correlated with, while sexual addiction is negatively correlated with masculinity. The study proves that among the sample participants, the general tendency towards addictions has a significant correlation with the tendency towards computer addiction.

The article examines the peculiarities of decision-making by people with different levels of tolerance. Tolerance is unity in diversity, it is a quality that is a humanistic component of an individual and is determined by his valuable attitude towards others. It represents an attitude towards a highly moral type of relationship, which is manifested in a person's actions. The purpose of this work was a theoretical-empirical study of the psychological features of decision-making by individuals with different levels of tolerance. Diagnostics of decision-making indicators and tolerance indicators was carried out with the help of: "Melbourne Decision-Making Questionnaire", "Personal Decision-Making Factors", "Decision-Making Questionnaire", "Qualitative Tolerance Indicators Test-Questionnaire". Correlation analysis made it possible to establish the nature of interdependence between the studied indicators - tolerance and decision-making. The use of qualitative data analysis made it possible to identify groups of people with a high and low level of tolerance using the "aces" method and to draw up their characteristics. Individuals with a high level of tolerance demonstrate a high level of attitude to complex tasks and novelty, have a high readiness to adapt to an uncertain situation, are able to change their plans in new conditions. People with a low level of tolerance have a tendency to spontaneity, impulsiveness when making a decision.

This article examines the essential characteristics of the communicative abilities of psycho- logists working in the method of biosuggestive therapy (biosuggestive therapists) as a symptom complex that includes a person’s ability to interact with other people, to adequately interpret the received information, as well as to transmit it correctly. The quality and level of the ability to interact with people at the level of the harmonious pole of dynamic, emotional, regulato- ry, motivational, cognitive, productive and reflective-evaluative characteristics of sociability, determined according to the “Judgment test for studying personality sociability (JTFSPS)” methodology of A. I. Krupnov, are shown. It is also demonstrated that the ability to adequ- ately interpret received information is determined by the level of development of empathic abilities (according to the method of V. V. Boyko), as well as by the sensitivity of a person to the non-verbal behaviour of another and the ability to adequately identify it (according to the method of expert evaluation of non-verbal communication by A. M. Kuznetsova). It is summarized that biosuggestive psychologists can adequately interpret received information either through the ability to put themselves in their partner’s place, together with the ability to adequately identify the non-verbal behaviour of communication partners, or through the ability to understand the inner world of the interlocutor, creating an atmosphere of openness, trustworthiness, and intimacy during communication. It is shown that the ability to correctly convey information is manifested at the level of the ability to achieve mutual understanding, to influence others (according to the “Perceptual-Interactive Competence Test” method of N. P. Fetyskina), as well as the ability to manage the non-verbal repertoire (according to the method of expert assessment of non-verbal communication A. M. Kuznetsova). It was determined in the factor analysis that the most essential characteristics that de- termine the communicative activity of a biosuggestive psychologist with a high level of com- municative ability are: externality – the need for communication; internality – egocentricity; objectivity – non-verbal influence; and mutual recognition – categoricalness.