Palavinskienė, Brigita

The authors conducted a study to consider the offer homebased violence with a variety of positions, depending on the subjects of violence, distressed circumstances of life and the cumulative effect. The study of domestic violence in Lithuania and Russia have shown some possibilities to prevent it.

After the independence of Lithuania had been regained, we faced new problems and concerns, and prostitution is among them. Of course, it is not appropriate to state that this problem occured only upon regaining of the independence...

Vakarų Europos ir Skandinavijos šalyse atlikti tyrimai parodė, jog kasmet 5 vaikai iš l 000 tampa smurto aukomis. Pasak ES šalių specialistų, nuo smurto kasmet kenčia 600 000 vaikų [l]. Labiau susidomėti šia gan aktualia mūsų visuomenės problema paskatino tai, jog beveik kiekvieną dieną nukentėjusiosios nuo šeiminio ir kitokio smurto moterys ir vaikai kreipiasi į medicinos įstaigas. Šiam tyrimui buvo sudarytos anketos, kurias pildė teismo medicinos ekspertai darbo metu, apžiūrėdami smurto aukas darbo vietose bei lankydamiesi ligoninėse teisėsaugos organų prašymu arba pavedimu. Anketos sudarytos iš anoniminės dokumentinės dalies (aukos amžius, lytis, gyvenamoji vieta, šeiminė padėtis ir kt); įvykio datos ir vietos; smurtautojų įvardijimo bei jų skaičiaus; sužalojimo padarymo mechanizmo; sužalojimo sunkumo įvertinimo ir kt.

Objective: to investigate physical and sexual violence against women and children; to determine consequences of the violence, the most common places, time, type, graveness of the injuries, etc. This is the first investigation of the kind, with forensic physicians involved. Method: analysis of anonymous questionnaires filled by 167 women and 149 children during two months. Results: women usually suffer physical violence at home (72.3%) and from their spouses (39.5%) or other familiar per- sons (21-5%)- Usually children suffer physical violence at the age of 12-18 years (81.2%), most of them are male (84%); mostly during the daytime or in the evening (62%), outside, at home and in school (more than 15% each) offenders are familiar or unknown persons (33% each); usually attacks one person (61.7%), punches (61.3%) and causes bodily injuries of various graveness (85.9%). At school mostly suffer children younger than 14 years (68.75%) from other children. Conclusion: women and children are not properly protected from physical and sexual violence. Physical violence against women becomes more and more severe every day, various domestic utensils or other things are used. School is not a safe place, there children suffer violence from class-mates.

The issue of violence is further addressed in two papers on sexual offences. S. Matulienė in her „Šeriai Sexual Killer Profile: Psychological and Criminalistic Aspects" states that šeriai killing, for various reasons, has become more common. Sexual murders are an interdisciplinary problem. They pose an increasing danger, as they have neither time, nor cross-boundary limits. R. Raudys and K. Mačiulienė go further in researching related issues. The authors have carried out a research on attempted and committed rapes, which actually have not been analyzed in Lithuania so far. Recently it has been gaining attention from different perspectives: forensic, obstetrics, gynaecological, criminalistic. There are five articles concerning penal responsibility for sexual offences in Lithuanian Penal Code. In 2001 the United Nations General Assembly declared November 25 as an official international day of Abolition of Violence against Women. This fact highlights the global urge to cope with violence against women and children, as well as, with sexual offences.