Lietuvos Respublikos tabako kontrolės įstatymo pakeitimai, įgyvendinimas ir pasyvus rūkymas kaip administracinė teisinė ir socialinės medicinos kompleksinė problema
| Author | Affiliation |
|---|---|
Pinkule, Ivita | Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas |
Kolesova, Monika | Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas |
| Date |
|---|
2007 |
Viso pasaulio pritarimą pamažu užkariaujantys rūkymo viešose vietose ribojimai atitinka šiuolaikinės visuomenės teisėtus lūkesčius, nes XXI amžiaus gyventojai atsakingiau vertina asmens ir visuomenės sveikatos problemas. Straipsnyje analizuojama vieną opiausių šiuolaikinio pasaulio socialinių teisinių ir medicinos problemų – pasyvus rūkymas. Būtinybė nustatyti vietas rūkantiesiems yra neapibrėžta koncepcija, kurią sunku įgyvendinti ir tai visiškai neapsaugo nerūkančiųjų, nes oras iš rūkančiųjų patalpos maišosi su oru nerūkančiųjų patalpoje. Visiškas rūkymo uždraudimas viešose vietose lemtų geriausią pasirinkimą. Lietuvos Respublikoje nuo 2007 m. sausio 1 d. įsigaliojo įstatymas, uždraudęs rūkyti viešose (ir darbo) vietose. Straipsnyje analizuojama užsienio šalių praktika, nagrinėjamos šio įstatymo įgyvendinimo problemos.
The whole world has been favouring restrictions for smoking in public places gradually and they meet expectations of modern society because the people living in 21st century refer to the problems of personal and public health with more responsibility. Passive smoking is one of the sorest global problems and it is analyzed in the article. The necessity to establish locations for smoking people is an intangible concept which is difficult to implement. Moreover, this cannot prevent nonsmoking people since the air coming from the premises of smoking people is mixed with the air in the ones of nonsmoking. Complete prohibition is one of the best solutions. In the Republic of Lithuania the law prohibiting smoking in public and work places came into force on the 1st of January in 2007. The paper delves into the impact of legislation of World Health Organization and European Union regarding passive smoking on the law system of the Republic of Lithuania. The relevance of this problem is incontrovertible for the right of every human being to healthy environment has taken the main position recently. The paper proposes the mechanism of the current regulation, specifies disadvantages and insufficiency of regulation control, as well as the ways to eliminate these disadvantages. Passive smoking is a process when nonsmoking people inhale the smoke of tobacco which is exhaled by smoking people around them. The smoke inhaled by nonsmoking people consists of burning smoke of tobacco and the exhaled air of smoking person. Only 15 percent of cigarette smoke is inhaled while smoking and the rest part is spread in the environment, therefore, it can be inhaled by other people present. Although the issue of harm of passive smoking has been known for quite long, the consequences of passive smoking on health based on scientific evidence has been taken into consideration during the recent years. World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, according to which the Parliament is obliged to enact the amendments of the law as soon as possible and the government – to acknowledge the issue of right to healthy and free from tobacco smoke environment as one of the priority fields of activity, is being implemented. Law enactment should allow preconditions of smoking less in public, restrict harmful impact of tobacco smoke on health of Lithuanian citizens, promote healthy life and reduce the consumption of tobacco products, as well as the damage on society and economy. However, a few obstacles for complete operation of the law exist. First of all, the government, which framed rather liberal procedures for establishing the clubs of pipes and cigars, will be dealing with implementation of law provisions that provide for the possibility to establish such clubs. Almost all owners of the cafes or clubs will be allowed to establish such clubs. Secondly, the charge (a fine of 50 litas) for the breach of restriction not to smoke in public places is insufficient. Moreover, this fine is imposed only to physical entity. The owners are not imposed for the breach of law. Finally, the law prohibiting smoking in public and work places do not violate the rights of smoking people and clubs and cafes owners because the right of every human being to live in healthy environment has a priority against the personal right to choose own way of life.