Visuomenės ontologinio saugumo samprata: Lietuvos nacionalinio saugumo ontologinė dimensija
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2017 |
Nacionalinio saugumo tyrimuose po Šaltojo karo vyr auja Kopenhagos saugumo studijų mokyklos iškelta sektorinio saugumo samprat a, tačiau visuose visuomenės saugumo sektoriuose galima identifikuoti tiek fizinius, tiek idėjinius saugumo objektus. Šiame straipsnyje siekiama į visuomenės, kaip kolektyvinio darinio, saugumo prob lemą pažvelgti remiantis ontologinio ir fizinio saugumo takoskyra socialinėje teorijoje, kurią išpo puliarino sociologas Anthony Giddensas. Galutinis straipsnio tikslas – išskirti Lietuvos visuomenės o ntologinio saugumo kintamuosius; jais straipsnyje įvardijami narystės visuomenėje riboženkliai, kolek tyvinis istorijos naratyvas ir santykis su išoriniu pasauliu (diplomatinė pozicija). Netgi labai trumpa šių kintamųjų apžvalga pagrindžia pagrindinį straipsnio teiginį, jog toks socialinis darinys, ka ip Lietuvos visuomenė, yra linkęs rizikuoti savo fi ziniu išlikimu verčiamas pamatinių ontologinio saugumo im peratyvų.
Research on National Security after the Cold War rev olves largely on the so called sectoral concept of security as defined by the Copenhagen Sc hool of security studies. The main sectors of national security – military, economic, political, societal, environmental, and informational – all co ntain material as well as ideational objects to secure. T he aim of this article is to look at the problem of national security from a completely different perspective, i .e., to eveluate the ontological dimension of colle ctive security of a society as opposed to physical. The c oncept of ontological security was made popular among social scientists by sociologist Anthony Gidd ens, yet as a heuristic instrument so far it was mo stly applied at the level of individual. Taking into acc ount the differences between an individual and a collectivity it is still argued in this article tha t ontological security needs often override the mat erial needs of a given actor. In order to evaluate the ontological dimension of c ollective security, a case study of Lithuania is applied in the second section of this article. Thre e components of ontological security are investigat ed – markers of inclusion into Lithuanian society, col lective historical narrative, and external relation s of Lithuania as a state society complex. The empirical facts revealed by this brief inquiry – i.e., virtu al ostracism of “impure” Lithuanians and imigrants in terms of citizenship rights, rutinized conflict wit h Russia emanating partly (but not only) from a black andwhite narrative of history – all point to prov e the main thesis of this artice: any societal body i s prone to risk its physical survival driven by the ontological security imperative to have a stable co llective reality with all the “objective truths” an d “real theats” it entails.