Scilit

This study examines the role of legal norms in fostering innovation for sustainable development (SD). The focus of this study is on a comparative emphasis on the European Union (EU) and Ukraine. It analyzes how regulatory designs enable or constrain eco-innovation and evaluates the potential of Ukraine to harmonize its framework with EU standards in the context of post-2022 reconstruction and EU accession. The main sources of the research are the EU green deal and regulation (EU) 2021/2085, and the laws of the country regarding innovation and sustainable energy in Ukraine. The secondary data is borrowed through organizations such as OECD, UNDP, and the World Bank, and also the European Patent Office. The outcome reveals that there is a great variation between the two regions under investigation. More than 70 percent of the difference in innovation performance (measured by patent applications, research and development expenditure, global innovation index rankings, and so on) can be associated with the cohesive and enforceable legal system of the EU, which is supported by programs such as Horizon Europe, whereas Ukraine is only 43%. In the study, bureaucratic inefficiencies and corruption have been noted to be the biggest impediments to the implementation of eco-innovation in Ukraine. The results of this research confirm that the Porter hypothesis applies to the EU, where strong environmental regulation can help to increase innovation; however, they also indicate the weakness of this theory in a transitional economy, where the enforcement capacity is low. Nevertheless, the latest events in Ukraine can promise new perspectives on green reconstruction and eco innovation. The policy suggestions include the fact that Ukraine should modernize the law, incorporate the sustainable development goals, and employ EU-style investment facilitation schemes. These actions might assist in the empowerment of the innovation ecosystem in Ukraine and fast-track its integration with the EU, finally leading to the SD agenda.

Мақалада еліміздің тәуелсіздік тарихында болмаған Жасанды интелект дәуірімен тұспа-тұс келген спорт саласын басқаруға негіз болған едәуір маңызды үлес қосуға лайықты Қазақстан Республикасының спорт және дене шынықтыру саласында болып жатқан цифрлық жаңалықтар мен инновациялық енгізулер қарастырылған. «Дене шынықтыру және спорттың цифрлық платформасын» (e-Sport) цифрландырудың бірыңғай платформасын енгізудегі басты ерекшелігі, халықаралық тәжірибемен салыстыру, осы жобаға қатысты стейкхолдерін анықтап, олардың мемлекеттік басқаруда тигізетін әсерлеріне Power-interest матрицасы арқылы талдаулар жасалды. Е-спорт цифрландырудың бірыңғай платформасының мақсаты мен құрылымы, мемлекеттік басқарудағы басты құралға айналушы платформа ретінде спортшылар мен жаттықтырушылардың, төрешілер мен нұсқаушылардың спорттық мекемелермен республикалық ұлттық аккредиттелген спорттық федарациялардың арасындағы ықпалдастықта атқаратын қызметі әрі ролі анықталды. Жалпы цифрландыру бағытында ғана емес, сонымен қатар осы спорт және дене шынықтыру саласындағы мемлекеттік көрсетілетін қызметтердің жалпы жай күйіне, цифрландырудың бірыңғай платформасын Е-спортты енгізгеннен кейін қандай нәтижелер беретіндігі туралы ақпараттарды қамтиды. Мақалада шетелдік және отандық авторлардың, халықаралық ұйымдардың есептерімен отандық мемлекеттік органдардың ресми парақшаларындағы цифрландыруға қатысты ақпараттардан туындаған пікірлері назарға алынды.

In pursuit of new ideas, questions and insights, this article explores undergraduate students’ career learning. It is based on the assumption that there is a need for new ideas and innovation in career development theory and practice, especially in times of rapid changes in the world and constant challenges. Performing diffractive analysis – in the sense of reading the ‘data’ (non-representational conversations with two undergraduate students) and poststructuralist as well as new materialist philosophical texts, career theories into and through one another, allow free movement of thought to explore beyond the normalized discourses of the field. It is wandering as well as wondering while being ‘of the world’ instead of observing from the outside, going further than universalisms. Philosophy of immanence and agential realism enacted here encourage to ask: what can be thought of students’ career learning? How does undergraduate students’ career learning emerge through entanglements with the human and non-human? The article is rhizomatic in its structure, it is also an attempt to break the rules and escape the enclosure of traditional empiricism in the field of educational research. Theory and practice are considered inseparable in Karen Barad’s agential realist framework; therefore, the theoretical and practical parts are intertwined. The results, or illuminations bring forward the ideas and concepts, that intensify and glow while diffractively reading the ‘data’, philosophical materials and career theories: thinking about career learning as life; attending to desire as the productive force in career learning; thinking about encounters and chance events as well as the non-human in career learning; drawing attention to how big narratives are created and disseminated. The article contains emergent thoughts, that appear in the process of thinking, they are noted in a different font, and I re-turn to them at the end of the work. I use ‘re-turn’ with reference to Barad’s idea of transformative process, the past that is with us.

Straipsnyje analizuojamas įrodymų leistinumo ribojimų (ne) suderinamumas su teisingu civilinio ginčo išsprendimu. Įstatyme įtvirtinti įrodymų leistinumo ribojimai ir draudimai atlieka dvejopą paskirtį: viena vertus, jie apsaugo proceso dalyvius nuo neteisėtų ar netinkamai gautų įrodinėjimo priemonių panaudojimo, kita vertus, neleidžia teismui remtis informacija, kuri, nors ir galėtų prisidėti prie faktinės tiesos nustatymo, būtų įgyta pažeidžiant esminius teisės principus ar įstatymo saugomas vertybes. Tokiu būdu užtikrinama tiesos siekio ir teisėto, sąžiningo proceso, saugant tiek individualius, tiek viešuosius interesus, pusiausvyra. Todėl įrodymų leistinumo ribojimai civiliniame procese suvoktini kaip būtina garantija, leidžianti teismui sprendimą grįsti tik teisėtais, patikimais ir procedūriškai tinkamai gautais duomenimis.

As economic instability grows and the risk of global threats increases – including pandemics, wars, climate crises, and sudden migration flows – conventional indicators of progress, such as gross domestic product (GDP), are increasingly recognised as insufficient to assess socio-economic development, societal resilience, and a country’s capacity to recover from crises. This article highlights the role of culture in evaluating the socio-economic development of European Union member states under conditions of uncertainty. Culture is understood as a factor shaping long-term development trajectories, influencing not only economic outcomes but also institutional quality, social trust, and societies’ ability to adapt to shocks. From a methodological perspective, the article applies criteria for assessing the cultural sector in line with the EU's "Beyond GDP" approach, focusing on cultural employment, the business environment of the cultural sector, and public expenditure on culture across EU countries. These indicators are analysed alongside levels of trust in public institutions and the Human Development Index (HDI), as well as their correlations, to identify key factors that may significantly impact societal resilience, sustainability, and long-term growth. Using descriptive and comparative methods, the study seeks to identify recurring patterns and structural imbalances across countries, particularly when high GDP levels are not reflected in social well-being or national stability. The empirical findings suggest that cultural indicators are more closely associated with long-term development outcomes than with short-term economic performance. The results indicate that the vitality of the cultural sector and consistent public support contribute to strengthening social cohesion and resilience, while their impact on economic growth is indirect and materialises through longer-term institutional and value-based transformations. The article concludes that culture should be regarded as a strategic resource for long-term development rather than a secondary component of economic policy, especially in contexts of global crisis and uncertainty.

Contemporary hybrid threats employ coordinated campaigns across information, cyber, and physical domains, maintaining plausible deniability while exploiting institutional vulnerabilities. This review conducts a scoping analysis following the PRISMA ScR framework (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—Extension for Scoping Reviews) to evaluate Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), Social Media Intelligence (SOCMINT), and Natural Language Processing (NLP) capabilities relevant to hybrid threat detection. We systematically assess these technologies against a 12-point operational requirements framework derived from documented Russian and Chinese military OSINT methodologies and influence operation tradecraft. The analysis incorporates high-Technology Readiness Level (TRL) European initiatives to ground capability assessments in operational experience. While individual analytical disciplines are technically advanced, current defensive systems remain siloed and lack the cross-domain reasoning necessary to correlate technical cyber indicators with coordinated narrative manipulation. Requirements for cross-platform correlation and adversarial adaptation show only prototype stage coverage. Our findings reveal a persistent “semantic gap”: defensive systems collect extensive data but lack integrated semantic reasoning across domains and languages. To address this, we examine ontology-based approaches as architectural solutions, positioning the ‘Hybrid Information Psychological Societal Threats handling system’ (HIPSTer) framework as an illustrative case. HIPSTer specifically targets the multilingual nature of hybrid threats—particularly in Russian and Chinese contexts—achieving TRL-4 validation through high-efficiency semantic vectors and formal reasoning across diverse language benchmarks. Finally, the review analyzes how European regulations—including the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), AI Act, and Network and Information Systems Directive 2 (NIS2)—shape operational architectures through compliance by design imperatives. We conclude by outlining a prioritized research agenda to advance European hybrid threat detection toward operational maturity.

The Institution of the Commissioner for Human Rights (Ombudsman) provides non-judicial protection of citizens, acting as one of the key mechanisms for responding to unlawful actions or inaction by government agencies. The purpose of this article is to compare the practice of the ombudsmen of Kazakhstan, Sweden and Georgia and to identify foreign experience for the development of the national model of this institution. To achieve this goal, comparative legal analysis, analysis of regulations, official reports of ombudsmen and statistics of citizens' appeals were used. The results of the study showed that despite the similarity of the basic functions, the actual influence of the ombudsmen varies significantly and is determined by the scope of the mandate, the instruments of influence, the level of parliamentary participation and the degree of publicity of the activities. Based on the results of the analysis, a number of recommendations were formulated to strengthen the role of the Commissioner for Human Rights in Kazakhstan, including the development of parliamentary control over the implementation of recommendations, the use of publicity potential and the exercise of powers to appeal to the Constitutional Court, which makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of human rights activities. Keywords: Commissioner for Human Rights, Ombudsman, human rights, powers, complaints.

There is a lack of research analyzing how teachers themselves define violence and what patterns of behavior they personally consider to be violent. It is precisely this subjective perception of violence that may explain why some situations remain invisible at the institutional level: they are not named and reported, or they are normalized as part of a teacher’s job, even though, in the long run, they can negatively affect a teacher’s professional identity and well-being. A phenomenographic perspective was applied in this research. It has been found that teachers understand violence in the workplace as pressure to obey, aggressive behavior, insults, public humiliation, and non-transparent decisions, which are characterized by verbal, physical, written, and visual expressions. The scope of the research results shows that the teachers’ perception of violence is not limited to incidents but is revealed as a process of constructing meaning that combines the form of violence, structural features, and orientation toward the teacher as a professional or as a person. The study broadens not only the concept of violence in the school environment but also the field of analysis of the teacher as an object of violence, and it reveals that the teachers’ understanding of violence is more related to administrative power practices.

The study is aims to develop scientifically based proposals for the modernization of the system for considering citizens' appeals in the Republic of Kazakhstan based on a comparative analysis of international experience in digital public administration. The purpose of the study is to determine organizational, legal and technological mechanisms that can increase the efficiency of processing appeals, transparency of procedures, and the level of citizens' confidence in state institutions in the context of digital transformation. The analysis finds that successful models are based on the “only once” principle, unified digital identification, interagency data exchange, process standardization and the use of intelligent solutions. For Kazakhstan, measures have been proposed to further debureaucratize the system, including the introduction of a single mobile identifier, the development of a secure data exchange platform, the transition to proactive services for life scenarios, the integration of AI tools and increased transparency of access to personal data through the citizen's personal account. The implementation of these steps requires an update of the digital government strategy with clear KPIs and an architecture of intersystem compatibility. Keywords: e-Government, public complaintsdigital government services, comparative study, Republic of Kazakhstan, public administration, digitalization.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos prieš šimtmetį Vlado Mačio knygoje „Civilinio proceso paskaitos“ pateiktos idėjos apie civilinio proceso teisę. Taip pat vertinama, kokį civilinio proceso modelį siūlė Vladas Mačys, kokios jo pagrindinės kryptys, kaip buvo siūloma užtikrinti teisingą ir teisėtą civilinį procesą. Nagrinėjama, kokia yra knygos „Civilinio proceso paskaitos“ struktūra, kaip moksliškai buvo vertinamas civilinis procesas. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama, kad Vladas Mačys civilinio proceso tikslus siejo su socialinės taikos (harmonijos) tarp ginčo šalių kuo operatyvesniu atkūrimu. Taip pat analizuojama, kokios Vlado Mačio idėjos liko reikšmingos šiuolaikinio civilinio proceso teisei bei teisei į teisingą teismą užtikrinti civilinės bylose.