Nusikalstamos veikos neteisėtumo suvokimo samprata ir jo baudžiamoji teisinė reikšmė
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2006 |
Straipsnyje analizuojama nusikalstamos veikos neteisėtumo suvokimo sąvoka, atkreipiamas dėmesys į jos paskirtį baudžiamojoje teisėje ir ryšį su kitais baudžiamosios teisės institutais bei sąvokomis (baudžiamąja atsakomybe, jos turiniu, tyčia, nusikalstamos veikos pavojingo pobūdžio suvokimu). Straipsnyje diskutuojama dėl Lietuvos baudžiamojoje teisėje nusistovėjusio požiūrio į nusikalstamos veikos neteisėtumo suvokimo sampratą kaip neprobleminę ir neturinčią didesnės baudžiamosios teisinės reikšmės. Kaip alternatyva tradiciniam požiūriui, siūloma Vokietijos baudžiamojoje teisėje išplėtota ir, autoriaus nuomone, Lietuvos baudžiamajai teisei visiškai priimtina nusikalstamos veikos neteisėtumo suvokimo koncepcija. Ši koncepcija savo ruožtu verčia naujai vertinti tradicinį Lietuvos baudžiamajai teisei požiūri į baudžiamosios atsakomybės sąlygas, tyčios intelektinio momento turinį. Šioms problemoms straipsnyje taip pat skiriama nemažai dėmesio.
The article revises concept of perception of crime unlawfulness. The attention is focused on function of this notion in criminal law and it’s relations to other concepts and institutes of criminal law (preconditions of criminal responsibility, intention, perception of crime wrongfulness) as well. The approaches used in doctrine of criminal law in foreign countries (Germany, Russia) are examined too. The author comes to a conclusion that traditional concept of perception of crime unlawfulness is insufficient and has to be changed. Narrowing the perception of crime unlawfulness to perception of criminal unlawfulness, do not correspond the function of the concept in question, that is considered as to ground defendant’s legal blameworthness. The author proposes, that perception of crime unlawfulness should be defined as defendant’s perception that his act is in conflict with legal order. New attitude to the concept forces to elaborate new concepts of other important notions - preconditions of criminal responsibility and intellectual element of intention. The author proposes, that perception of crime unlawfulness or actual possibility to acquire such perception should be considered as precondition of perpetrator’s legal blameworthness and criminal responsibility as well. The author argues, that concept of perception of crime unlawfulness has the same meaning as concept of perception of crime wrongfulness. It is concluded, that the 15 th chapter of Lithuanian Criminal Code includes both perception of crime wrongfulness and unlawfulness into content of intention. Such position of the legislator is criticized. It has been concluded, that perception of crime unlawfulness or actual possibility to acquire such a perception should be considered as independent precondition of criminal responsibility. It should not be included into content of intention.