Baranskaitė, Agnė

the board of the legal person or other governance structure thereof) with the criminal deed committed by the culprit—a natural person—for the benefit or in the interests of that legal person. Such a link may be two-way and may be characterised not necessarily by the fact that the culprit—a natural person—is holding a governing office in the legal person and enjoys respective powers. Having recognised that the criminal deed was committed by the culprit—a natural person—in order to gain property benefit or in other interests of the legal person, alongside, one must establish whether the legal person was aware of such criminal deed committed or prepared by the culprit—a natural person, whether the legal person comprehended, tolerated or induced such a deed, or whether it created preconditions for commission of such criminal deed. Without establishing that, such a situation is to be assessed as the one where the culprit—a natural person—while committing the criminal deed, was acting independently and arbitrarily, whereas, in such a case, bringing the legal person to criminal liability would mean objective imputation, i.e. the legal person would be held criminally liable in the absence of its guilt. The article notes often unreasonable statements that there are no necessary grounds for criminal liability of a legal person if, due to criminal acts of the head of the legal person (or other similar subject), the legal person sustained more damage than gained benefit (e.g., evaded taxes). [...]

Straipsnyje analizuojama Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijos, konstitucinės jurisprudencijos įtaka Lietuvos Respublikos teisėkūrai. Apžvelgiama kasacinė jurisprudencija, atskleidžianti realų konstitucinių teisingumo, priešingų interesų derinimo (santarvės) principų baudžiamojoje teisėje turinį.

Straipsnyje baudžiamuoju teisiniu, filosofiniu, medicininiu bei teologiniu aspektais analizuojami žmogaus gyvybės pradžios ir pabaigos momentai. Atskleidžiant nevienareikšmiškai traktuojamas bei vertinamas šių reiškinių sampratas straipsnyje formuluojami aspektai, lemiantys žmogaus gyvybės pradžios ir pabaigos momentų traktavimą baudžiamojoje teisėje bei šių sampratų vienodo suvokimo būtinumo reikšmę nusikalstamų veikų kvalifikavimui kaip nužudymų.

For the implementation of these provisions, one makes use of the possibilities of penal law-making and respectively corrects the penal policy. Thus, the Constitution and the official constitutional doctrine formulated in the constitutional jurisprudence exerts an ever increasing influence in law-making. The constitutional dimensions have become an integral and inseparable element of penal law. On the other hand, the doctrine and jurisprudence of criminal law also contributes to the disclosure of the content of the principles of criminal law, the entrenchment of the imperatives (requirements) of such principles in criminal law and the practice of its application. This article also describes the influence of the official constitutional doctrine formulated in the constitutional jurisprudence (which discloses the content of the legal principles entrenched in the Constitution) upon penal law-making and the case-law in criminal cases. While disclosing the actual realisation of the constitutional principle of coordination (principle of legal concord) of opposite interests in criminal law, in the practice of its application and in the penal policy in general, one also essentially defines the content of the reconciliation function of criminal law in a modern democratic society.