Girdenis, Tomas
Pornography in the Digital Era: Issues Around CriminalisationItem type:Publication, book part[2026][Y1][S001][34]; Innovation and Digitalization : A Social Growth Perspective, 2026, p. 58-91 Violence and the assessment of its dangerousness in Lithuanian case lawItem type:Publication, conference paper[2025][T2][S001][1]; EAPL 2025. Annual Conference of the European Association of Psychology and Law 2025. Technological advancements and application in legal psychology, 5-8 August, Vilnius : Final Programme & Abstract Book., p. 485 Atleidimo nuo baudžiamosios atsakomybės dėl nusikalstamos veikos mažareikšmiškumo reguliavimo ir taikymo problemosItem type:Publication, [Issues related to the regulation and application of release from criminal liability due to the insignificance of the criminal act.]research article[2025][S4][S001][20]Jurisprudencija = Jurisprudence., 2025, p. 400-419Šiame straipsnyje tiriamos tam tikros atleidimo nuo baudžiamosios atsakomybės dėl nusikalstamos veikos mažareikšmiškumo problemos. Pasikeitus Baudžiamajame kodekse įtvirtintam reguliavimui, mažareikšmiškumo norma nebegali būti taikoma sunkiems ir labai sunkiems nusikaltimams, o tai, manytina, nepagrįstai riboja teismų laisvę vertinti konkrečios nusikalstamos veikos pavojingumą. Straipsnyje taip pat analizuojama Lietuvos Aukščiausiojo Teismo praktika taikant mažareikšmiškumo normą bylose dėl smurtinių nusikalstamų veikų, susijusių su smurtu tarp skirtingų lyčių atstovų ir smurtu, pavartotu siekiant auklėti vaikus. Iš jurisprudencijos išryškėjo, kad Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas labiau linkęs toleruoti moterų smurtą prieš vyrus, o ne atvirkščiai, ir tokiais atvejais taikyti atleidimą nuo baudžiamosios atsakomybės pripažįstant, jog moterų pavartotas smurtas nesiekia baudžiamajai atsakomybei kilti būtino pavojingumo. Galima teigti, kad toks teismo vertinimas akivaizdžiai prieštarauja lyčių lygiateisiškumo principui. Kartu tirta ir Lietuvos Aukščiausiojo Teismo praktika vertinant auklėjimo tikslais tėvų pavartotą smurtą prieš vaikus. Šio teismo jurisprudencijoje sutinkami trys būdai formaliai netaikyti baudžiamosios atsakomybės siekiant, kad būtų užtikrinami ir vaiko interesai. Visgi manytina, kad tik vienas iš šių būdų atitinka ir baudžiamosios teisės paskirtį, ir vaikų, prieš kuriuos smurtauta, interesus.
11 16 Coherence in Criminal Policy for Offenses Against Justice That Obstruct the Investigation of a CaseItem type:Publication, book part[2024][Y1][S001][21]Towards Coherence in Criminal Justice: Challenges, Discussions and/or Solutions / Jolanta Zajančkauskienė, Rima Ažubalytė, Oleg Fedosiuk (eds.)., 2024, p. 65-85The third chapter (“Coherence in Criminal Policy for Offenses Against Justice That Obstruct the Investigation of a Case”) analyzes the law and sentencing practice of Lithuania and other countries regarding offenses against justice. This analysis shows that Lithuanian criminal policy in the fight against offenses against justice, where the investigation is obstructed or the participants in the case are influenced, is much more lenient than the criminal policy of the UK or the USA in this respect, both at the level of legislation and case law. It should be noted that the provisions of the Lithuanian Criminal Code on criminal liability for the obstruction of justice are not coherent with other special and general provisions. In addition, the penalties for the above-mentioned offenses against justice are not coherent and are too lenient in relation to other provisions of the Special Part of the Criminal Code, which provide for liability for similar offenses. Moreover, the rules on the aggregation of penalties provided for in the General Part of the Criminal Code are inconsistent with the objectives of these penalties, and unduly broaden the scope of application of the aggregation of penalties. This leads to a situation in which serious or very serious offenses against justice effectively go unpunished.
11 20 Environmental crime: Lithuanian criminal policy in the context of European regulationItem type:Publication, book part[2023][Y1][S001][17]Law and sustainability: Perspectives for Lithuania and Beyond / editors: Alessio Bartolacelli, Dovilė Sagatienė ; Mykolas Romeris University., 2023, p. 257-273.8 54Scopus© Citations 1 Jaunesnio nei 16 metų asmens tvirkinimo ir seksualinio prievartavimo atribojimo problemos Lietuvos teismų praktikojeItem type:Publication, [The problem of delimitation in child sexual abuse cases involving children under the age of sixteen in Lithuanian court practice]research article[2022][S4][S001,S006][16]; ; Jurisprudencija. Vilnius : Mykolo Romerio universitetas, 2022, vol. 29, iss. 1., p. 106-121Šiame tyrime yra iš esmės yra analizuojama dviejų seksualinio pobūdžio nusikalstamų veikų, nukreiptų prieš vaikus (jaunesnio nei 16 metų asmens tvirkinimo ir seksualinio prievartavimo) atribojimo problematika Lietuvos teismų praktikoje. Pagrindinis dėmesys buvo skiriamas seksualinio prievartavimo ir jaunesnio negu šešiolikos metų asmens tvirkinimo veikos požymiams (lytinės aistros tenkinimas kitokio fizinio sąlyčio būdu ir fizinis tvirkinimas) kaip šių veikų atribojimo pagrindui. Šis tyrimas atskleidė, kad teismai, atribodami šias nusikalstamas veikas, esminiu kriterijumi laiko seksualinio kontakto pobūdį. Seksualinis prievartavimas paprastai yra pripažįstamas tais atvejais, kai su vaiku yra atliekami veiksmai, susiję su įsiskverbimu į lyties organus, o tvirkinimu paprastai laikomi atvejai, kai atliekami seksualinio pobūdžio veiksmai be įsiskverbimo elemento. Psichologinės šio reiškinio pusės tyrimas parodė, kad psichologiniuose tyrimuose neprieita prie vieningos nuomonės dėl to, kad psichologines pasekmes labiau padidina įsiskverbimas nei seksualinio pobūdžio veiksmai, atlikti be įsiskverbimo. Dabartiniai teisiniai kriterijai taip pat veda ir prie nenuoseklios bei kritikuotinos teismų praktikos.
88 22 Corporate criminal liability for the criminal offences in LithuaniaItem type:Publication, research article[2021][S1][S001][16]; ; ; Statute law review. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2021, vol. 42, iss. 3., p. 392-407Cases, where operations of legal entities entail unfair income through the malpractice of improving financial reports, are quite frequent. Such behaviour is unacceptable and deserves a stern response from the state, not only against persons involved in illegal ac- tivities but also against particular legal entities resorting to such behaviour. The purpose of this article is to analyse the elements of corporate criminal liability in the legislation of Lithuania. The article investigates the fundamentals of corporate criminal liability with the major focus on the problems of distinction and applicability of relevant elements of the latter. The analysis emphasizes the assurance of the inevitability of corporate criminal liability. The article also discusses the method of criminalizing the liability of legal entities, chosen by the Lithuanian legislator, according to which criminal liability can arise only for a limited scope of criminal offences. Presumably, the current legal regulation enables an unreasonable avoidance of criminal liability in cases where the criminal offence falls outside the aforementioned limited scope, even though it was committed to gain a ma- terial advantage over the affected party. The article also addresses the guilt of legal entities. In this regard, the article criticizes the approach of the Supreme Court of Lithuania for its evident limitation of corporate criminal liability, especially in the context of large corpor- ations owned by many shareholders. As a possible solution, it was proposed to lay crim- inal responsibility on corporate governance bodies instead of the shareholders.
37 - research article[2020][S1][S001][12]
; ; Entrepreneurship and sustainability issues. Vilnius : Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, 2020, vol. 8, no. 1., p. 917-928The development of electronic payment instruments and their online availability constitute important parts of the development of the EU payments market. Individual states adopt different approaches towards interpretation (legal aspects) and types of electronic payment instruments. To encourage sustainable payment services, minimize possible threats, and create favourable conditions for the development of new payment instruments, legislators adopt general legal acts stipulating the legal status of electronic payment instruments. However, the actual interpretation of payment instruments is often narrowed in legal practice, and does not cover payment instruments newly introduced to the market. A new insight into electronic payment instruments corresponding to the latest trends in the market is important in criminal law as well, because crimes related to the use of a payment instrument are common and difficult to investigate. In view of recent changes in payment services (the new Payment Services Directive in 2019), the norms of criminal law stipulating liability for the illegal disposal of electronic payment instruments must reflect circumstances predetermined by today’s technological developments. In terms of criminal law, a technologically neutral conception of the payment instrument is necessary, to include a wider range of payment instruments that differ considerably from conventional personalized payment cards. The aim of this article is, therefore, to demonstrate that the current regulation of the Criminal Code of Lithuania lags behind the development of payment instruments, and in order to avoid excessive criminalization it is proposed to narrow the application of Article 214 of the Lithuanian Criminal Code.
35 17Scopus© Citations 3 Švelnesnės, negu įstatymo numatyta, bausmės skyrimo pagal BK 62 straipsnio 2 dalį pagrindai ir jų taikymo problemosItem type:Publication, [Main provisions and implementation problems in applying a more lenient penalty than provided for by law under paragraph 2, Article 62 of a Criminal Code of Lithuania]research article[2016][S4][S001][14]Jurisprudencija : mokslo darbai = Jurisprudence : research papers / Mykolo Romerio universitetas. Vilnius : Registrų centras, 2016, vol. 23, iss. 2., p. 179-192Šioje publikacijoje yra analizuojamos problemos, su kuriomis susiduria Lietuvos teismai, taikydami švelnesnės, negu įstatyme numatyta, bausmės skyrimo pagal BK 62 straipsnio 2 dalies nuostatas. Pastebėta, kad šio BK straipsnio taikymo teisminė praktika yra nevienoda, o kartais net ir viena kitai prieštaraujanti (vietomis analogiška situacija susilaukia net trejopų teismų vertinimų). Šiame straipsnyje yra pateikiama trumpa bendra BK 62 straipsnio 2 dalies charakteristika bei analizuojamos dvi pagrindinės problemos: 1) vienos iš BK 62 straipsnio 2 dalies taikymo pagrindinių sąlygų „yra lengvinančių aplinkybių“ taikymo problemos, bei 2) lengvinančių aplinkybių ir BK 62 straipsnio 2 dalies bei jos 1–6 punktuose numatytų sąlygų tarpusavio santykio problema, atsakant į klausimą – ar gali ta pati aplinkybė būti pripažinta kaip viena iš reikalaujamų lengvinančių aplinkybių kartu laikant ją ir viena iš likusių BK 62 straipsnio 2 dalies bei jos 1–6 punktuose numatytų taikymo sąlygų? Autorius pateikia savo sisteminį kritinį požiūrį, paremtą bendrosiomis baudžiamosios teisės taisyklėmis, į šias problemas bei siūlo jų sprendimo būdus
126 20 Internet service provider and the dependent agentItem type:Publication, research article[2014][S4][S001,N009][5]; KSI transactions on knowledge society : a publications of the Knowledge Society Institute. Ensuring sustainable development in the period after the financial crisis. Sofia : Knowledge Society Institute, 2014, Vol. 7, no. 4 (December)., p. 57-61The article analyses the role of Internet services providers (ISP) when an enterprise performs e-commerce abroad and uses ISP services. One of the premises for the appearance of the institute of a permanent establishment is the acknowledgement of ISP as a dependent agent of a foreign company. Activities performed by ISP sometimes may raise doubts if they really do not take over a part of business functions of the foreign company. With regard to how much ISP act in the name of the foreign company a possibility may be discussed to acknowledge ISP as a dependent agent. Also the role of an intelligent software agent is discussed in the article together with functions it receives in the transactions of purchase-sale or services provision. Requirements for a dependent agent and the question if an intelligent software agent corresponds to them are analysed.
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