Vaikas ir šeima kaip baudžiamojo įstatymo saugomos vertybės
Mykolo Romerio universitetas |
| Date |
|---|
2007 |
2003 m. gegužės l d. įsigaliojo naujasis Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamasis kodeksas, kuriame numatyta baudžiamoji atsakomybė už nusikalstamas veikas vaikui ir šeimai. Kaip bebūtų gaila, baudžiamosios teisės specialistų klausimai, susiję su šiame skyriuje nurodytomis veikomis, Lietuvoje iki šiol mažai nagrinėti. Tinkamas šio skyriaus normų aiškinimas padėtų geriau praktiškai jas realizuoti ir taikyti. Siame straipsnyje siekiama išanalizuoti kai kurias problemas, susijusias su saugomais teisiniais gėriais. Pateikiama trumpa saugomų vertybių analizė bei pagrindinės diskusijos dėl atskirų su tuo susijusių baudžiamojo kodekso nuostatų.
The article analyses certain problems related to the legal values protected by Chapter 23 of the CC. According to the title of the chapter the values protected by the law include a child and a family. A child as a value should not be identified with one of the child's rights, namely normal child development. The object of the criminal law protection is all the rights of the child, which are interrelated and supplement each other. The legislator describes a child as a victim using different terms. A concept of a newborn is rather problematic in this chapter, which is inappropriate in Art. 156 of the CC. Older children i.e. under 18 also should be protected against substitution of children, if the parents are unable to identify them as their own.A child and a minor arc two different concepts. A child is a wider term, including not only the age, but also other legal relationships. The protection of a child should not be overemphasized and one should take into the account their full civil capacity. In case of Art. 163 and 164 of the CC emancipated and married persons are excluded from the protection of criminal law and vice versa, in Art. 164 of the CC in case of a child's maintenance the protection is provided life-long, when the child is incapable due to disablement established while being a minor or till the age of 24, if he is a student etc. The author pronounces for advancement of protection starting it from the 22nd week of pregnancy. Though a family is indicated as a protected value, it should not be protected by criminal legal remedies. The Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania does not provide any criminal acts directly infringing family interests. A family is protected through the rights of the child, therefore special protection should be provided only for a child.