Pacta de quota litis, kaip alternatyva valstybės garantuojamai teisinei pagalbai užtikrinti civilinėse bylose
Mykolo Romerio universitetas |
| Date |
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2008 |
Pacta de guotą litis - viena iŠ susitarimų dėl teisinės pagalbos teikimo rūšių, kuria remiantis teikėjo užmokestis priklauso nuo bylos baigties. Sąlyga, kad asmuo, siekiantis pasinaudoti teisine pagalba, teisinės pagalbos teikėjui sumoka tik tuo atveju, jeigu byla yra laimėta, sudaro galimybes šia pagalba pasinaudoti nepasiturintiems, neišgalintiems sumokėti advokatui už paslaugas, asmenims. Todėl tokie susitarimai galėtų tapti puikia alternatyva valstybės garantuojamai teisinei pagalbai, deja, tiek Lietuvoje, tiek kitose valstybėse jie vertinami labai kontraversiškai, o dažnai visiškai draudžiami. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami pacta de guotą litis reglamentavimo ypatumai skirtingose valstybėse bei jo specifika Lietuvoje, atskleidžiami teigiami ir neigiami šių susitarimų aspektai, jų suderinamumas su sutartims keliamais reikalavimais, advokatų profesinės etikos principais, nagrinėjamos praktinio pritaikomumo problemos.
Pacta de quota litis is one of the agreements allowing to render legal aid on which the remuneration for legal services depends on the settlement of the case. The condition that the provider of legal aid is only paid if the case is won, makes litigation available to the needy and the poor who otherwise could not afford a lawyer, Therefore, such agreements could become a great alternative to legal aid. However, in Lithuania, as well as in other countries, such agreements are viewed as very controversial and are often forbidden. Most European countries forbid such form of payment for the help of a lawyer not because such agreements do not fit into the framework of civil law science, but because its inadequacy to public order. This article analyses the peculiarities of the application of pacta de quota litis in different countries. Its specificity in Lithuania, the positive and negative aspects of this agreement are revealed. Their compatibility with meeting the requirements, the principles of the professional ethics of a lawyer, and the practical adaptability problems are also analyzed. In this article, the results of the analyses show that legal provisions regulating the specifications of pacta de quota litis, as well as the lack of restraints of such agreements, aggravate the practical application of such agreements, allow the abuse of providers of aid, the insecurity of the legitimacy and the congruence to the public order and good morals. It also raises uncertainty about its acknowledgment as an effective alternative to legal aid. [...]