Diskusiniai liudytojo intereso egzistavimo baudžiamajame procese aspektai
Mykolo Romerio universitetas |
| Date Issued |
|---|
2009 |
Straipsnyje analizuojamas liudytojo intereso baudžiamajame procese egzistavimo klausimas, glaudžiai susijęs su šio intereso ištakomis ir liudytojo interesų pobūdžiu. Autorius pirmiausia kelia klausimą, ar apskritai baudžiamajame procese liudytojas gali būti kuo nors suinteresuotas, jeigu taip – ar tai yra natūralu, ar vis dėlto tai neatitinka liudytojo teisinės padėties procese idėjos, jog šis proceso subjektas turi būti neutralus. Liudytojo vaidmens baudžiamojoje byloje, jo teisinio statuso analizė rodo, kad vis dėlto šis subjektas turi siekį ginti savo padėtį, t. y. procesines teises bei pareigas, todėl nekalbėjimas apie liudytojo interesus prilygtų liudytojo, kaip įrodinėjimo priemonės, o ne tikslo baudžiamajame procese vertinimui. Liudytojo suinteresuotumą savo teisine padėtimi byloje, o kartais ir bylos baigtimi gali lemti jo statuso ypatumai, bylos faktinės aplinkybės, šio subjekto santykiai su kitais procese dalyvaujančiais subjektais.
On the other hand, procedurallegal interest is an independent legal phenomenon, which is fulfilled through activities of legal institutions. The procedural-legal interest means the need of a person to initiate the procedure and to participate in this procedure. As a rule, a witness is interested in his/her legal position in criminal procedure. The objective to protect own procedural rights and to guarantee proper environment to perform the duties defines the witness’s legal interest in relation to his/her procedural status. Any hindrance, which leads to an impossibility to implement the rights or duties or to an insufficient implementation of them, determines the need to ensure a secure environment or existence. In this way, the source of appearance of this interest is defined, i.e. procedural relations of the witness. The legal interest in procedural status differs from the interest in the outcome of the case; the witness is not concerned with the definitive decision of the case, because it does not influence his/her rights and interests in any way (except for the condition provided for in Article 82 (2) of the CPC). In this case, the secure procedural status is related to an implementation of the procedural role of the witness. The witness, like any other subject of the procedure, is interested in defending his rights under Article 81 of the CPC, and other rights established in the criminal procedure law, or to put it in another way – in requiring possibilities to appropriately perform his/her procedural duties that legalize the above mentioned procedural rights.