Tarptautinių darbo laivuose standartų įtaka Lietuvos jūrininkų darbo santykiams
| Author | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
Lietuvos teisės institutas |
Mykolo Romerio universitetas |
| Date |
|---|
2007 |
Jūreiviai pirmieji ėmė organizuoti darbą ištisą parą, t. y. darbas laive buvo skirstomas pamainomis ir tokia tvarka išliko iki šių dienų. Samdos ir darbo santykius laivyne pradėta reglamentuoti tik darbininkų judėjimą ir tarptautinių organizacijų dėka, t. y. XIX a. pabaigoje - XX a. pradžioje. Didelę įtaką tokiems reguliavimams padarė Tarptautinė darbo organizacija ir Tarptautinė jūrų organizacija, siekiančios suvienodinti laivų įgulos darbo ir gyveninio sąlygas pasauliniu mastu. Lietuva, būdama jūrine valstybe ir minėtų tarptautinių organizacijų nare, kol kas nesugeba užtikrinti jūrininkų darbo teisių ir gyvenimo sąlygų. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama tarptautiniu dokumentų perkėlimo į Lietuvos nacionalinius aktus eiga ir jų įtaka gerinant jūrininkų darbo sąlygas.
It is very important for Lithuania as a maritime state, a member of International Labour Organization (hereinafter -ILO) and a member of International Maritime Organization (hereinafter - IMO) to elaborate and develop maritime transport, as well as to set minimum labour standards for seafarers. Until now Lithuania has ratified a few special ILO conventions out of 68 and one IMO convention, which sets minimum labour standards for seafarers. There are no studies or research done in the sphere of regulating the maritime labour relations. The aim of this article is to analyse labour standards on ships in international and national level, as well as to inform about legal loopholes concerning labour relations of seafarers working in ships under Lithuanian flag jurisdiction. In order to achieve the aim of this article the following tasks are set: to analyse the development of labour relations on ships, to overview international organizations' impact towards global harmonization of seafarers' labour conditions as well as to list the gaps in implementation of seafarers labour standards in Lithuania. The object of the article is social legal relations, concerning application of international labour standards to seafarers in Lithuanian labour law. The following methods were used during the research: historical - genetic, explanatory and analytical. The article consists of introductory part, three main parts and conclusions. In the first part of the article the impact of international organizations on the regulation of the seafarers' labour relations is analysed. Two major organizations which have the most impact on regulating labour relations and accommodation facilities of the seafarers are separated - International Labour organization and International Maritime organization. In the second and third part of the article the transfer of the international labour standards to Lithuanian legal basis before and after independence (1990) restoration are analysed.