Mokslinės minties šventė 2025 : studentų mokslinių straipsnių rinkinys

This study draws its inspiration from practice-based global professions. These include social work, a discipline that aims at a sale change, forming a community, and empowering people intellectually. Social work is a branch of knowledge that promotes social change, development, cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. However, social work in Pakistan faces several serious challenges. This research had three major objectives: to assess the challenges, the preconceptions, and the scope of social work in its practical application in Pakistan. The nature of the study was qualitative. The research was performed using in-depth, structured interviews. Participants included social work trainers and practitioners in the field, as well as academics who train social work professionals, from Punjab University, Sindh University, Malakand University and Swabi University. The data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Topics included the limited representation of Indigenous literature related to social work and Pakistan’s lack of an official licensing body for professional social workers. The study highlights the importance of identifying the major issues facing social workers in Pakistan. Among social workers’ concerns are the need for more Indigenous knowledge and the government’s lack of a council for social workers. This would help professional social workers to gain certification and licensing, while also making it easier for the public to recognize the important role played by social workers. The participants recommended establishing a national council of social workers and performing research to generate a body of Indigenous literature. Researchers could strengthen their reputation as social workers by discussing their concerns with more experienced researchers and by recommending career paths that would help them to develop future resilience.

This study examines alternative care systems in Slovakia, Ukraine and Nigeria, analysing public policies, legal frameworks and sociocultural contexts. The study uses qualitative document analysis, assessing each nation’s approach to child protection and welfare for children who lack parental care. Slovakia shows progress in deinstitutionalisation and family-based care, aligned with European Union frameworks, yet faces challenges with regional disparities and integrating marginalised groups. Ukraine’s system demonstrates resilience amid ongoing conflict but struggles with the dual pressures of war and a historical reliance on institutional care, highlighting the need for more substantial family-based support and international aid. Nigeria depends heavily on traditional kinship care, highlighting cultural strengths and important formal structures but gaps in oversight, particularly in unstable regions. The study identifies critical factors such as economic stability, cultural norms and legal implementation influencing system effectiveness. Key recommendations emphasise context-specific reforms, including equitable resource allocation, phased deinstitutionalisation integrating traditional practices where appropriate, robust caregiver support, and strengthened international collaboration to improve child welfare outcomes globally.

Supervizija, kaip refleksijos ir konsultacinė parama, tampa vis reikšmingesnė socialiniams darbuotojams, siekiant skatinti jų profesinį augimą. Tyrimu siekta atskleisti supervizijos reikšmę socialinių darbuotojų profesinei ūgčiai, atsakyti, kaip suprantamas socialinio darbuotojo profesionalumas, su kokiais sunkumais susiduriama profesinėje veikloje, kaip vertinamas dalyvavimas supervizijose ir kaip ji reiškiasi socialinių darbuotojų profesionalumo kontekste. Tyrimas parodė, kad socialinio darbuotojo profesionalo paveikslas susideda iš teorinio pasirengimo, praktinės patirties, asmeninių savybių ir vertybių derinio. Sunkumai, su kuriais susiduria socialiniai darbuotojai, yra nemotyvuoti klientai, socialinių paslaugų prieinamumo, bendradarbiavimo stoka, didelis darbo ir emocinis krūvis, profesinio tapatumo dilemos ir žinių, kaip dirbti kintant problemoms, trūkumas. Sunkumai sprendžiami tobulinant kompetencijas, remiantis kolegų pagalba ir reflektuojant situacijas. Supervizijos reikšmė socialinio darbuotojo profesinei ūgčiai atsiskleidžia profesiniame ir organizacijos lygmenyse. Profesiniame lygmenyje supervizija reikšminga kaip priemonė, skatinanti profesinį tobulėjimą, apsauganti nuo profesinio perdegimo ir motyvuojanti dirbti toliau. Organizacijos lygmenyje supervizija reikšminga sprendžiant sudėtingas klientų situacijas, užtikrinant efektyvesnį darbą ir kokybiškesnių paslaugų teikimą.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) remains a major concern across Europe, with lasting psychological and social consequences for victims. Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) has been identified as a key preventive strategy, equipping children with the knowledge and skills to recognise and report abuse. This study provides a comparative analysis of the sexuality education curricula in Spain and Latvia, assessing their effectiveness in preventing CSA. While Spain has made strides toward integrating CSE into its curriculum, gaps remain in early childhood education and teacher training. Latvia, on the other hand, continues to rely on a primarily biological approach to sexuality education, with limited compulsory content about the prevention of CSA. The study highlights the need for a more structured, compulsory and holistic approach to CSE in both countries. It emphasises the importance of early intervention, teacher preparedness and the inclusion of key concepts such as consent, personal boundaries and online safety to enhance CSA prevention efforts.

This qualitative study examines cultural and social determinants of child marriage in Borno State, North-East Nigeria, focusing on push and pull factors sustaining the practice. The objective was to generate locally grounded evidence for culturally responsive interventions. The research collected data through focus group discussions with adolescent girls, parents, and community members, as well as key informant interviews with community and religious leaders across various Borno communities. Findings reveal communities define puberty onset as adulthood, expecting girls to marry upon menstruation. The parents, primarily the fathers, are the arbiters of marriages as the same is considered a shield against possible dishonour and protection from shame, premarital pregnancy, and misbehaviour. Poverty further promotes early marriages for families to lessen the economic burden. The recommendations include fostering parents’ and adolescents’ understanding of puberty and adolescent development, engaging religious and traditional leaders to shift harmful community norms, strengthening legal enforcement mechanisms and implementing economic empowerment programmes for vulnerable families. These integrated interventions are essential to break the cycle of child marriage and improve the prospects of girls in Borno State.

On June 28, 2024, a decision was issued by the US Supreme Court in relation to Relentless v. Department of Commerce and Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo. This date became a historical one in the jurisprudence of the Court due to the two landmark cases that deserved such a status by overturning the 40-year-old doctrine of judicial deference known as the Chevron Doctrine. Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. NRDC – the 1984 case that gave rise to the doctrine – established a rule that required courts to defer to a state agency’s interpretation of the statute that it administered provided two conditions were met: 1) the statute was either silent on the matter in question or its relevant provisions were ambiguous, and 2) the agency’s interpretation was reasonable. Thus, the Supreme Court’s judgement of June 28, 2024, overruled the precedent that had served as a guideline for the adjudication of similar cases for four decades. Although it is too early yet to assess the impact of such a disruptive decision in light of its repercussions, it is worth inquiring into the nature and history of the concept to later be able to properly evaluate the transformation of the court’s practices. It is the purpose of this article to analyse the evolution of the Chevron doctrine and to suggest certain arguments both for and against its preservation.

Lietuvių reemigrantų mokyklinio amžiaus vaikai, atvykę į tėvų Tėvynę, susiduria su poreikiu mokytis naujoje ugdymo įstaigoje, kuri laikoma svarbiausia jų integracijos aplinka. Šiame straipsnyje dėmesys sutelkiamas į Vilniaus miesto bendrojo ugdymo įstaigose lietuvių reemigrantų vaikų integraciją palengvinančius mokyklos veiksnius. Siekiama atsakyti į klausimus, kokie veiksniai, reemigrantų vaikų ir jų tėvų požiūriu, lemia lengvesnę lietuvių reemigrantų vaikų integraciją bendrojo ugdymo įstaigoje ir kokias priemones mokytojai ir švietimo pagalbos specialistai taiko savo praktikoje, kad užtikrintų sklandžią lietuvių reemigrantų vaikų integraciją naujoje mokykloje. Per interviu su vaikais, tėvais, mokytojais ir švietimo pagalbos specialistais surinkti duomenys atskleidžia, kad, siekiant sėkmingos ir tvarios vaikų integracijos naujoje mokykloje, tikslinga įvertinti atvykusių vaikų gebėjimus, parinkti su vaiku galintį susikalbėti mokytoją, organizuoti papildomas lietuvių kalbos pamokas, taikyti mokymąsi lengvinančias priemones, teikti švietimo pagalbos specialistų paramą. Sklandžiai reemigrantų vaikų integracijai ugdymo įstaigoje didelę reikšmę turi ugdymo proceso dalyvių sąveika, apimanti mokyklos darbuotojų (įskaitant klasės auklėtoją) ir bendraklasių teikiamą palaikymą, individualų švietimo pagalbos specialistų ir mokytojų dėmesį iš užsienio atvykusiam vaikui, tėvų įtraukimą į integracijos procesą, mokytojų ir švietimo pagalbos specialistų tarpusavio bendravimą ir bendradarbiavimą.

This paper addresses the ongoing absence of structured leadership development in social work education, where leadership is often regarded as ideological and context-dependent rather than an essential professional competency. Despite the growing awareness of its importance in practice, formal leadership training remains underrepresented at the individual, organisational and interprofessional levels. To address this gap, this article presents a conceptual and structured training proposal designed to strengthen leadership capacity among future social workers. Drawing on Simon Sinek’s Golden Circle philosophy and the Social Work Leadership Framework, it introduces a three-module, inquirybased teaching model that supports students in exploring their leadership purpose, understanding team dynamics, and applying leadership strategies in realworld settings. Through reflective learning, peer collaboration and experiential tasks, the model emphasises the development of socially responsible leadership aligned with the values of social justice, professional identity and collective responsibility. The findings suggest that embedding leadership training in social work programmes can strengthen professional identity, enhance decision-making and empower social workers to drive systemic change and advocate for social justice. By offering a theoretically grounded and pedagogically relevant approach, this paper contributes to the advancement of leadership education in social work and provides a foundation for future implementation and research.

The article deals with the problem of the evolution of global administrative law in the digital age, highlighting its transformation in response to technological advances. Special attention is paid to the description of digital tools, such as blockchain, artificial intelligence and digital identity systems, in administrative procedures, emphasising their potential to enhance transparency, efficiency and cross-border cooperation. The challenges posed by digital sovereignty, cybersecurity, algorithmic fairness and jurisdictional conflicts are analysed alongside the opportunities for harmonisation of international standards and frameworks. There is a particular focus on the role international organisations can play in shaping digital administrative practices. The article also considers environmental sustainability and the digital divide, proposing solutions to bridge disparities between nations. With a focus on Ukraine’s digital reforms, particularly its Diia platform and alignment with European Union standards, the paper describes the importance of global cooperation in developing adaptable legal frameworks. This comprehensive analysis offers insights into the future of administrative law in a rapidly digitalising world.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama teisinio masinių šaudynių apibrėžimo problema ir būtinybė atriboti šį reiškinį nuo kitų nusikalstamų veikų kaip nužudymas ar teroro aktas. Pagal pastarųjų metų tarptautinę teismų praktiką ir kriminologinę literatūrą analizuojamos aukų sąvokos, vietos, motyvacijos ir subjektinės pusės reikšmės apibrėžiant masines šaudynes. Apžvelgiami kriminologinės masinių šaudynių sampratos aspektai, dėl kurių sunkiau vesti masinių šaudynių statistiką. Aptariama, kodėl dabartiniai teisės aktai neadaptuoti tokiems nusikaltimams ir kodėl būtina jų teisinė diferenciacija. Remiantis konkrečiais atvejais, pavyzdžiui, 2017 m. Las Vegaso šaudynėmis, siūloma atskira sąvoka „masinio susibūrimo vietos“ ir naujas požiūris į šaulio tyčią, kuri orientuota ne į ideologinius ar politinius tikslus, o į patį gyvybės atėmimo aktą ir aukų skaičių. Šis tyrimas siekia pagrįsti, kad masinės šaudynės turėtų būti laikomos savarankiška nusikalstama veika, kuriai dėl socialinės grėsmės ir specifinių požymių reikia atskiro teisinio reguliavimo ir tolesnių mokslinių tyrimų.